Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,896 results found
Article
Globe rupture
Globe rupture is an ophthalmologic emergency. A ruptured globe or an open-globe injury must be assessed in any patient who has suffered orbital trauma because open-globe injuries are a major cause of blindness.
In blunt trauma, ruptures are most common just posterior to the insertions of the re...
Article
Ocular foreign body
An ocular foreign body occurs when an orbital foreign body penetrates into the globe itself, often threatening vision, and requiring urgent surgical removal.
Clinical presentation
Patients present in a highly variable manner based on the precise intraocular location and properties of the forei...
Article
Staphyloma
Staphyloma refers to acquired thinning and weakening of the uveo-scleral layer of the eye with focal uveal protrusion. This outpouching has a smaller radius than the surrounding globe. Staphylomas most commonly occur posteriorly, temporal to the optic disc, in the context of myopia.
Clinical pr...
Article
Phthisis bulbi
Phthisis bulbi, also known as end-stage eye, is an atrophic scarred and disorganized non-functioning globe that may result from a variety of severe ocular insults.
Epidemiology
In general, phthisis bulbi involves older to elderly patients, usually 65-85 years of age 7. Children and adolescent...
Article
Coloboma
Coloboma is a collective term encompassing any focal discontinuity in the structure of the eye and should not be confused with staphylomas which are due to choroidal thinning.
Terminology
While coloboma is the collective term for any focal discontinuity in the eye's structure, many people use...
Article
Optic disc drusen
Optic disc drusen (ODD), or hyaline bodies, are a relatively common entity usually found incidentally on CT or on follow-up of abnormal fundoscopy.
Epidemiology
Optic disc drusen are identified radiographically in up to 0.3-3.7% of the population and are frequently bilateral 1,4,5. They are ty...
Article
V sign (disambiguation)
Signs inspired by the letter V have been described in several different pathologies:
inverted V sign (pneumoperitoneum)
inverted V sign (spinal cord)
Naclerio V sign (pneumomediastinum)
V sign (interphalangeal joint subluxation)
V sign (midbrain)
V sign (chest): a clinical cutaneous sign o...
Article
Dermatomyositis
Dermatomyositis is an autoimmune inflammatory myositis, which like its closely-related condition polymyositis, carries an increased risk of malignancy. It is considered a distinct condition to anti-synthetase syndrome.
Epidemiology
There is a recognized female predilection. It has a bimodal ag...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (D)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter D and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep both the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q...
Article
Polymyositis
Polymyositis is a rare autoimmune, at times considered paraneoplastic, inflammatory condition characterized by proximal muscle weakness (myositis). It is considered a form of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. The condition is closely related to dermatomyositis, and the term “polymyositis” is app...
Article
Inclusion body myositis
Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is a type of inflammatory myositis. It is often considered is the most common acquired myopathy in patients older than 50 years.
Epidemiology
Inclusion body myositis tends to present in older individuals 4, often after the age of 50 years, although the disease may...
Article
Ultrasound (introduction)
Ultrasound (US) is an imaging technology that uses high-frequency sound waves to characterize tissue. It is a useful and flexible modality in medical imaging and often provides an additional or unique characterization of tissues when compared to other modalities such as conventional radiography ...
Article
Exudative retinitis
Exudative retinitis, also known as retinal telangiectasis or Coats disease, is a rare congenital disease affecting the eyes and a cause of leukocoria.
Epidemiology
It occurs predominantly in young males, with the onset of symptoms generally appearing in the first decade of life with a peak age...
Article
Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous
Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV), also known as persistent fetal vasculature, refers to an uncommon congenital developmental malformation of the eye.
Clinical presentation
Clinically, this condition usually manifests as unilateral or bilateral leucocoria. Patients may also have ...
Article
Ocular globe
The ocular globes or simply, the eyes are paired spherical sensory organs, located anteriorly on the face within the orbits, which house the visual apparatus.
Gross anatomy
Location
The globe is suspended by the bulbar sheath in the anterior third of the bony orbit.
Size
Each globe is an a...
Article
Diaphragmatic paralysis
Diaphragmatic paralysis, diaphragmatic paresis or diaphragmatic palsy may be first suspected when a newly elevated hemidiaphragm is seen on a chest radiograph. Bilateral paralysis is much more serious but often overlooked with an average delay of 2 years to diagnosis.
Clinical presentation
The...
Article
Sjögren syndrome
Sjögren syndrome, or Sjögren disease, is an autoimmune condition of the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva.
Epidemiology
Sjögren syndrome is the second most common autoimmune disorder after rheumatoid arthritis. There is a recognized female predilection with F:M ratio of ~9:1. Patie...
Article
Spatial compounding (ultrasound)
Spatial compounding is an advanced ultrasound technique that utilizes multiple angles of insonation to create a single averaged image 1.
The advantages of spatial compounding are that angle dependent artefacts are reduced, curved surfaces appear more continuous and background speckle is reduce...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (I)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter I and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep both the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q...
Article
Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis (plural: cirrhoses) is the common endpoint of a wide variety of chronic liver disease processes which cause hepatocellular necrosis. Cirrhosis can be diagnosed with ultrasound, CT, and MRI, and these imaging modalities can also be used to evaluate for possible complications of cirrhosi...
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