Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,896 results found
Article
Globe rupture
Globe rupture is an ophthalmologic emergency. A ruptured globe or an open-globe injury must be assessed in any patient who has suffered orbital trauma because open-globe injuries are a major cause of blindness.
In blunt trauma, ruptures are most common just posterior to the insertions of the re...
Article
Endophthalmitis
Endophthalmitis (plural: endophthalmitides) is a potentially sight-threatening condition that involves intraocular inflammation of any cause. It is distinguished from panophthalmitis in that it does not extend beyond the sclera. It is either infectious or non-infectious in etiology, but in clini...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (I)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter I and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep both the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q...
Article
Sjögren syndrome
Sjögren syndrome, or Sjögren disease, is an autoimmune condition of the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva.
Epidemiology
Sjögren syndrome is the second most common autoimmune disorder after rheumatoid arthritis. There is a recognized female predilection with F:M ratio of ~9:1. Patie...
Article
Inclusion body myositis
Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is a type of inflammatory myositis. It is often considered is the most common acquired myopathy in patients older than 50 years.
Epidemiology
Inclusion body myositis tends to present in older individuals 4, often after the age of 50 years, although the disease may...
Article
Ocular foreign body
An ocular foreign body occurs when an orbital foreign body penetrates into the globe itself, often threatening vision, and requiring urgent surgical removal.
Clinical presentation
Patients present in a highly variable manner based on the precise intraocular location and properties of the forei...
Article
Staphyloma
Staphyloma refers to acquired thinning and weakening of the uveo-scleral layer of the eye with focal uveal protrusion. This outpouching has a smaller radius than the surrounding globe. Staphylomas most commonly occur posteriorly, temporal to the optic disc, in the context of myopia.
Clinical pr...
Article
Optic disc drusen
Optic disc drusen (ODD), or hyaline bodies, are a relatively common entity usually found incidentally on CT or on follow-up of abnormal fundoscopy.
Epidemiology
Optic disc drusen are identified radiographically in up to 0.3-3.7% of the population and are frequently bilateral 1,4,5. They are ty...
Article
V sign (disambiguation)
Signs inspired by the letter V have been described in several different pathologies:
inverted V sign (pneumoperitoneum)
inverted V sign (spinal cord)
Naclerio V sign (pneumomediastinum)
V sign (interphalangeal joint subluxation)
V sign (midbrain)
V sign (chest): a clinical cutaneous sign o...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (D)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter D and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep both the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q...
Article
Dermatomyositis
Dermatomyositis is an autoimmune inflammatory myositis, which like its closely-related condition polymyositis, carries an increased risk of malignancy. It is considered a distinct condition to anti-synthetase syndrome.
Epidemiology
There is a recognized female predilection. It has a bimodal ag...
Article
Polymyositis
Polymyositis is a rare autoimmune, at times considered paraneoplastic, inflammatory condition characterized by proximal muscle weakness (myositis). It is considered a form of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. The condition is closely related to dermatomyositis, and the term “polymyositis” is app...
Article
Exudative retinitis
Exudative retinitis, also known as retinal telangiectasis or Coats disease, is a rare congenital disease affecting the eyes and a cause of leukocoria.
Epidemiology
It occurs predominantly in young males, with the onset of symptoms generally appearing in the first decade of life with a peak age...
Article
Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous
Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV), also known as persistent fetal vasculature, refers to an uncommon congenital developmental malformation of the eye.
Clinical presentation
Clinically, this condition usually manifests as unilateral or bilateral leucocoria. Patients may also have ...
Article
Ocular globe
The ocular globes or simply, the eyes are paired spherical sensory organs, located anteriorly on the face within the orbits, which house the visual apparatus.
Gross anatomy
Location
The globe is suspended by the bulbar sheath in the anterior third of the bony orbit.
Size
Each globe is an a...
Article
Diaphragmatic paralysis
Diaphragmatic paralysis, diaphragmatic paresis or diaphragmatic palsy may be first suspected when a newly elevated hemidiaphragm is seen on a chest radiograph. Bilateral paralysis is much more serious but often overlooked with an average delay of 2 years to diagnosis.
Clinical presentation
The...
Article
Sniff test
The fluoroscopic sniff test is a useful addition to diaphragm fluoroscopy and is used to evaluate diaphragmatic contraction and excursion in patients with suspected phrenic nerve palsy, breathing difficulties following stroke or recent elevation of a hemidiaphragm on chest radiograph.
US can al...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (T)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter T and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R ...
Article
Giant cell arteritis
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a common granulomatous vasculitis affecting medium to large-sized arteries. It is also known as temporal arteritis or cranial arteritis, given its propensity to involve the extracranial external carotid artery branches such as the superficial temporal artery. Althou...
Article
Ectopia lentis
Ectopia lentis refers to subluxation or dislocation of the lens of the eye secondary to dysfunction or disruption of zonular fibers. It is most commonly due to trauma. The commonest atraumatic etiologies are Marfan syndrome and homocystinuria.
Pathology
Etiology
trauma
systemic and syndromic...
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