Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,879 results found
Article
Bornholm disease
Bornholm disease, also known as epidemic pleurodynia, is a virally-mediated myositis presenting as recurrent episodes of acute severe pleuritic pain. It is usually self-limiting, and serious morbidity is rare.
Epidemiology
Its true incidence is unknown and it is thought that it is underdiagnos...
Article
Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries
Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, also known as levo- or L-loop transposition (L-TGA), is a rare cardiovascular anomaly with inversion of the ventricles and great arteries. See the main article on transposition of the great arteries for discussion of the D-loop subtype....
Article
Stasis filling
Stasis filling describes persistent visualization of intravenous contrast within the proximal cerebral arteries but not within the cortical branches or venous outflow in suspected brain death patients, mimicking true cerebral blood flow (CBF).
Pathology
Etiology
During brain death, raised int...
Article
Ventricular septal defect
Ventricular septal defects (VSD) represent a hole or pathway in the interventricular septum that allows for communication between the right and left ventricles. It typically results in a left-to-right shunt.
Epidemiology
They represent one of the most common congenital cardiac anomalies and ma...
Article
Extensor hallucis longus muscle
Extensor hallucis longus is a thin muscle in the anterior compartment of the leg between tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus.
Summary
origin: anterior surface of the middle half of the fibula and the adjacent interosseous membrane
insertion: the dorsal side of the base of the dist...
Article
Disuse osteopenia
Disuse osteopenia is the localized loss of bone secondary to the lack of normal mechanical stresses on the bone. This is usually due to decreased use or even complete immobilization of a limb. Common causes include fractures, neuromuscular diseases, paralysis, frailty, arthritis and voluntary in...
Article
Sydney D Rowland
Sydney D Rowland (1872-1917), was the founder and editor of the Archives of Clinical Skiagraphy, the first journal of radiology to be published anywhere in the world.
Early life
Sydney Domville Rowland was born in Cornwall on 29 March 1872 1,5. He was the eldest issue of the Reverend William J...
Article
Pelvic organ prolapse
Pelvic organ prolapse refers to a pathological downward herniation of various pelvic organ structures into or through the perineum. It usually results from pelvic floor weakness by impairment of various ligaments, fasciae, and muscles that support the pelvic organs.
In its most severe form, it ...
Article
Hybrid lesion (pediatric chest)
A hybrid lesion in pediatric chest radiology refers to a combination of a congenital pulmonary airways malformation (CPAM) and a pulmonary sequestration (most commonly extralobar). It falls under a type of bronchopulmonary foregut malformation. Due to more sophisticated imaging, they are increas...
Article
CT neck (protocol)
The CT neck protocol serves as a radiological examination of the head and neck. This protocol is usually performed as a contrast study and might be acquired separately or combined with a CT chest or CT chest-abdomen-pelvis. On rare occasions, it will be performed as a non-contrast study. Dependi...
Article
Saber sign (pneumobilia)
The saber sign refers to a pattern of gas distribution seen in supine abdominal radiographs of patients with pneumobilia. A sword-shaped lucency is apparent in the right paraspinal region of the upper abdomen representing arching gas extending from the common bile duct into the left hepatic duc...
Article
BJR|case reports
BJR|case reports is an open-access online-only case report radiology journal published by the British Institute of Radiology (BIR). Its current Editor-in-Chief is Giulia Zamboni.
About the journal
BJR|case reports accepts case reports, case reviews (i.e. a case series with related review artic...
Article
Latissimus dorsi injury
Latissimus dorsi muscle injuries refer to muscle injuries of the latissimus dorsi muscle or tendon and have gained increasing awareness as sports injuries.
Epidemiology
The injury is fairly uncommon and mainly seen in overhead athletes, e.g. professional baseball pitchers 1.
Risk factors
ov...
Article
Air gap technique (general radiography)
The utilization of the air gap technique in general radiography is limited due to the need for equipment facilitation to create the air gap when it is not inherent in the standard technique.
Horizontal-beam lateral hip
There are many different methods of performing the horizontal beam lateral ...
Article
Globus pallidus
The globi pallidi (singular: globus pallidus) are paired structures and one of the nuclei that make up the basal ganglia. Each globus pallidus is a subcortical structure at the base of the forebrain and in anatomical relation to the caudate nucleus and putamen. It forms the lentiform nucleus wit...
Article
Transitional cell carcinoma grading
Transitional cell carcinomas of the urothelium are graded histologically as follows:
transitional cell papilloma
benign tumor, not a carcinoma but sometimes included in classification systems
carcinoma in situ
do not penetrate the basement membrane
cells resemble those of grade II or III t...
Article
Nail unit (anatomy)
The nail unit or nail apparatus refers to a group of distal digital structures involved in the function and support of the nail plate.
Gross anatomy
Structures of the distal phalanx composing the nail unit include 1:
nail plate
nail matrix
nail bed
periungual soft tissues
eponychium (cuti...
Article
Pulvinar (disambiguation)
Pulvinar may refer to:
pulvinar thalamic nuclei (classically involved in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, see pulvinar sign)
Haversian fat pad of the hip (which covers the central non-articular part of the acetabulum)
Article
Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis
Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis, sometimes called dystrophic scrotal calcinosis, is a rare benign condition characterized by superficial calcifications within the skin of the scrotum of unclear etiology.
Epidemiology
Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis typically affects men aged 20-40 years.
Patholo...
Article
Hyaline degeneration of a leiomyoma
Hyaline degeneration is the most common form of degeneration that can occur in a uterine leiomyoma.
Epidemiology
It is thought to occur in up to 60% of uterine leiomyomas 3.
Pathology
As with many other types of degeneration, it happens when fibroids outgrow their blood supply 4. Hyaline de...
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