Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
801 results found
Article
Mitral aortic intervalvular fibrosa
The mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa (MAIVF) refers to a thin, fibrous, membranous avascular region located between the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve (left atrioventricular orifice) and non-coronary cusp of the aortic valve in the heart.
It extends from the right fibrous trigone to th...
Article
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a type of heart failure with normal or near-normal ejection fraction and objective evidence of diastolic dysfunction.
Terminology
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction was initially termed ‘diastolic heart failure' and was repl...
Article
Intracardiac thrombus
Intracardiac thrombi are seen in a variety of clinical settings and can result in severe morbidity or even death from embolic events. They can occur following myocardial infarction with ventricular thrombus formation, or with atrial fibrillation and mitral stenosis where atrial thrombi predomina...
Article
Myocardial area at risk
The myocardial area at risk (AAR) is defined by the ischemic proportion of the myocardium after coronary occlusion and reflects the potential size of the myocardial infarction 1-9.
Usage
The assessment of the myocardial area at risk is an important measure in the evaluation of the potentially ...
Article
Ventricular interdependence
Ventricular interdependence (or ventricular coupling) is a phenomenon whereby the function of one ventricle is altered by changes in the filling of the other ventricle. This leads to a volume increase of one ventricle associated with a decreased volume in the opposite ventricle 1.
This conditio...
Article
Pseudoaneurysm of the mitral aortic intervalvular fibrosa
Pseudoaneurysm of the mitral aortic intervalvular fibrosa (p-MAIVF) refers to a pseudoaneurysm in the region of the avascular fibrous tissue between the mitral and aortic valves (i.e. the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa (MAIVF)).
Pathology
Etiology
They may rarely occur as a result of inf...
Article
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a distinct subgroup of pulmonary hypertension that most frequently develops following massive or repeated pulmonary embolism.
Terminology
The term CTEPH should be used for patients with chronic thromboembolic disease and pulmonary hypert...
Article
MRI in patients with pacemaker systems
MRI in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) has increasingly become a requirement in radiological departments 1-8. Especially in the setting of patients with MR conditional pacemaker systems, where all the manufacturer's instructions are followed and a standardized institu...
Article
Pulseless electrical activity
The diagnosis of pulseless electrical activity (PEA), also known as electromechanical dissociation (EMD), refers to the presence during cardiac arrest of electrical activity of the heart, in the absence of a ventricular tachyarrhythmia, but no measurable cardiac output 1,2. PEA is one of the non...
Article
Coronary artery bypass graft
A coronary artery bypass graft (CABG or CAG) is placed during a surgical procedure to increase blood flow to the myocardium due to coronary stenoses, usually caused by coronary artery disease. Arteries or veins can be grafted during this procedure.
Long term outcome of coronary artery bypass gr...
Article
Cardiac strain imaging
Strain imaging is a cardiac imaging technique that detects ventricular deformation patterns and functional abnormalities before they become obvious as regional wall motion abnormalities on conventional cine imaging or echo. It has become more popular lately due to several technological improveme...
Article
Chronic coronary syndrome
Chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) is a term that defines coronary artery disease as a chronic progressive course that can be altered, stabilized or improved by lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy and coronary revascularization. It has been introduced to replace the previous term ‘stable coron...
Article
Paravalvular leak
A paravalvular leak, paravalvular leakage or paravalvular regurgitation are an abnormal flow between the valvular annulus and the prosthetic heart valve and is a common complication after valvular replacement surgery due to inadequate sealing.
Epidemiology
Paravaluvar leaks are common, with an...
Article
Atrial fibrillation
A common consequence of atrial enlargement and/or inflammation, atrial fibrillation is a dysrhythmia originating from the atria, typically recognized on the electrocardiogram. It most commonly presents as a tachyarrhythmia, with ventricular rates between 120-130 beats per minute. Defining electr...
Article
Holt-Oram syndrome
Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS), also known as heart-hand syndrome, is an autosomal dominant syndrome that results in congenital heart defects and upper limb anomalies:
congenital heart defects
atrial septal defect (ASD) (commonest cardiac defect 4)
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
aortic coarctat...
Article
Fetal tricuspid regurgitation
Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) (also known as tricuspid insufficiency) is a common finding in imaging of the fetus. Tricuspid regurgitation represents the abnormal backflow of blood into the right atrium during right ventricular contraction due to valvular leakage (i.e. it is a valvulopathy).
Ep...
Article
Klebsiella
Klebsiella is a genus of Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacteria, which is relatively commonly encountered in the healthcare environment. It has numerous species, including K. pneumoniae, K. aerogenes, and K. rhinoscleromatis 1. Klebsiella may cause a range of infections, most commo...
Article
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a dystrophinopathy and the most common muscular dystrophy.
Epidemiology
Duchenne muscular dystrophy has an incidence of 1 in 3500 to 5000 males 1,2. The condition is extremely rare in females due to its inheritance pattern, as discussed below 1.
Clinical p...
Article
Fabry disease
Fabry disease, also known as Anderson-Fabry disease, is a multisystem disorder resulting from an X-linked inborn error of metabolism and is a lysosomal storage disorder. The disease results from genetic mutations in the gene GLA that cause decreased or absent expression of hydrolase alpha-galact...
Article
Kugel's artery
An uncommon variant of coronary arterial anatomy, Kugel's artery was originally described as an anastomotic communication between branches of the proximal left circumflex artery with the distal right coronary artery. These coronary trunks often communicate indirectly through atrial anastomotic n...
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