Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
1,984 results found
Article
Round pneumonia
Round pneumonia is a type of pneumonia usually only seen in pediatric patients. They are well defined, rounded opacities that represent regions of infected consolidation.
Epidemiology
The mean age of patients with round pneumonia is 5 years and 90% of patients who present with round pneumonia ...
Article
Stoma
A stoma (plural stomata) is defined as an artificially created connection between two hollow organs or a hollow organ and the skin. A surgical procedure that involves the creation of a stoma carries the suffix "-ostomy".
For a discussion of imaging features and potential complications, please r...
Article
Williams-Campbell syndrome
Williams-Campbell syndrome (WCS) is a rare form of congenital cystic bronchiectasis, in which distal bronchial cartilage is defective.
Clinical presentation
Williams-Campbell syndrome may present with recurrent pneumonia, wheezing, barrel-chest deformity, and Harrison sulcus 8.
Pathology
It ...
Article
Pulmonary fibrosis
Pulmonary fibrosis is the preferred general term for the permanent replacement of lung parenchyma by connective tissue and is typically associated with functional impairment. A variety of insults cause focal or diffuse lung injury (mechanical, infectious, inflammatory and iatrogenic). Lung repai...
Article
Usual interstitial pneumonia
Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is not a disease; it is a histopathologic and radiologic pattern of interstitial lung disease which can be caused by idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis or non-specific interstitial pneumonia. Diagnosis is typically decided by a...
Article
Mastectomy
Mastectomy is a surgical treatment for breast cancer in which the entire breast tissue is removed through a surgical procedure as opposed to a wide local excision. Sometimes, adjacent structures, such as lymph nodes, are removed to prevent recurrence or metastasis. In some cases, mastectomy is d...
Article
Mediastinal lymph node enlargement
Mediastinal lymph node enlargement can occur from a wide range of pathologies and can be isolated or associated with lung pathology. Historically, a size cut-off of 10 mm short-axis diameter was used.
Terminology
The term mediastinal lymphadenopathy implies lymph node disease and is not synon...
Article
Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome
Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHDS), also known as folliculin gene-associated syndrome, is a multi-system disease characterized by:
cutaneous manifestations, typically fibrofolliculomas
multiple lung cysts and spontaneous pneumothoraces
increased risk of renal tumors, typically chromophobe oncocyt...
Article
Non-specific interstitial pneumonia
Non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is the second most common morphological and pathological pattern of interstitial lung diseases after UIP. NSIP is commonly associated with connective tissue disease (CTD) and the underlying diagnosis and management are best decided by a multidisciplinar...
Article
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, previously known as extrinsic allergic alveolitis, represents a group of immune-mediated pulmonary disorders characterized by an inflammatory and/or fibrotic reaction affecting the lung parenchyma and small airways.
Its diagnosis relies on a constellation of findin...
Article
Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm
Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm refers to a pseudoaneurysm arising from the pulmonary arteries.
Pathology
A pseudoaneurysm results from a tear or disruption of all three layers of the vessel wall. Extravasated blood is contained by compressed extravascular tissue or a clot, which makes up the ...
Article
Right-sided aortic arch
Right-sided aortic arch is a type of aortic arch variant characterized by the aortic arch coursing to the right of the trachea. Different configurations can be found based on the supra-aortic branching patterns, with the two most common patterns being the right-sided aortic arch with mirror imag...
Article
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a lung disease characterized by an abnormal intra-alveolar accumulation of surfactant-derived lipoproteinaceous material.
On imaging, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is classically associated with the lung crazy paving pattern on CT, although it is a rare ...
Article
Brucellosis
Brucellosis is a global zoonotic infection secondary to any of the four Brucella spp. that infect humans. It can be focal or systemic but has a particular affinity for the musculoskeletal system.
Epidemiology
Brucellosis occurs worldwide but is particularly prevalent in Mediterranean regions,...
Article
Pleural lipoma
Pleural lipomas are the most common benign soft tissue tumor of the pleura. These lesions are thought to originate from the submesothelial layers of the parietal pleura, extending into the subpleural, pleural, or extrapleural space. Pleural lipomas are encapsulated fatty tumors with a slow growt...
Article
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), previously known as Wegener granulomatosis, is a multisystem necrotizing non-caseating granulomatous c-ANCA positive vasculitis affecting small to medium-sized arteries, capillaries, and veins, with a predilection for the respiratory system and kidneys.
T...
Article
Congenital pulmonary airway malformation
Congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM) are multicystic masses of segmental lung tissue with abnormal bronchial proliferation. CPAMs are considered part of the spectrum of bronchopulmonary foregut malformations.
Terminology
Until recently, they were described as congenital cystic aden...
Article
Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) may be seen as part of widespread involvement in patients with disseminated Langerhans cell histiocytosis or more frequently as a distinct entity in young adult smokers. This article focuses on the latter.
Epidemiology
Pulmonary Langerhans cell h...
Article
Bronchial triangle sign
The bronchial triangle sign is a CT feature that has been proposed to aid differentiation of a pulmonary hamartoma from a peripheral pulmonary carcinoid. It may be present in both, but is thought be more frequent in the latter (i.e. peripheral pulmonary carcinoids) and may seen as triangular-sha...
Article
Lung-RADS
Lung-RADS (Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System), is a classification proposed to aid with findings in low-dose CT screening exams for lung cancer. The goal of the classification system is to standardize follow-up and management decisions. The system is similar to the Fleischner criteria but d...
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