Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
1,950 results found
Article
Neck-tongue syndrome
Neck-tongue syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by altered sensation in one side of the tongue with ipsilateral neck pain triggered or aggravated by rotatory neck movement.
Epidemiology
Neck tongue syndrome is seen in a wide range of ages but is most commonly reported in older children,...
Article
Tongue
The tongue is a complex, principally muscular structure that extends from the oral cavity to the oropharynx. It has important roles in speech, swallowing and taste.
Gross anatomy
The tongue has a tip, dorsum, inferior surface and root. The tongue is made of a midline lingual septum and hyoglo...
Article
Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland (a.k.a. hypophysis cerebri), together with its connections to the hypothalamus, acts as the main endocrine interface between the central nervous system and the rest of the body.
Gross anatomy
The pituitary gland sits atop the base of the skull in a concavity within the sph...
Article
Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma
Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) is a rare sub type of sinonasal carcinoma. It is considered a highly aggressive neoplasm arising in the paranasal sinuses. It has been characterized as a distinct pathologic entity.
Clinical presentation
These tumors tend to be rather advanced at pre...
Article
First branchial cleft fistula
First branchial cleft fistulae are rare congenital malformations arising from the branchial apparatus during embryogenesis 1-5. They are often in close relation to the parotid gland, facial nerve, external auditory canal and the anterior neck near the angle of the mandible 1,2,5. Diagnosis can b...
Article
Craniotomy
A craniotomy is a surgical procedure where a piece of calvarial bone is removed to allow intracranial exposure. The bone flap is replaced at the end of the procedure, usually secured with microplates and screws. If the bone flap is not replaced it is either a craniectomy (bone removed) or cranio...
Article
Kartagener syndrome
Kartagener syndrome (also known as Kartagener-Afzelius syndrome) is a subset of primary ciliary dyskinesia, an autosomal recessive condition characterized by abnormal ciliary structure or function, leading to impaired mucociliary clearance.
Epidemiology
The prevalence of primary ciliary dyski...
Article
Telecanthus
Telecanthus (rare plural: telecanthi) represents an increased distance between the medial canthi. This is not to be confused with hypertelorism, which refers to an abnormally increased interpupillary distance.
Telecanthus can occur in isolation with a normal interpupillary distance (such as a c...
Article
Blepharophimosis
Blepharophimosis is a dysplasia of the eyelids characterized by horizontal shortening of the palpebral fissure. It is often associated with ptosis or telecanthus 2.
Blepharophimosis is a feature of Dubowitz syndrome and Smith Lemli Opitz syndrome.
Blepharophimosis, ptosis, and epicanthus inve...
Article
Waardenburg syndrome
Waardenburg syndrome is a rare neurocristopathy, with congenital pigmentary disorder secondary to an abnormal distribution of neural crest-derived melanocytes during embryogenesis resulting in patchy areas of depigmentation. It is considered in the investigation of congenital sensorineural deafn...
Article
Ethmoid mucocele
An ethmoid mucocele is a form of paranasal sinus mucocele involving the ethmoid air cells. Depending on its anterior and/or posterior location, they can also include nasoethmoid and sphenoethmoid mucoceles. Ethmoid mucoceles are considered the second most common in location 2.
Clinical presenta...
Article
Medical devices in the head and neck
Medical devices in the head and neck are regularly seen by radiologists on plain film, CT and MRI. They include devices which pass through the neck into the chest and stomach or ascend to/into the head.
Vascular access devices
dialysis catheters
peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC)
...
Article
Whole-body CT (protocol)
CT polytrauma/multitrauma, also called trauma CT, whole body CT (WBCT) or panscan, is an increasingly used investigation in patients with multiple injuries sustained after significant trauma.
The majority of the evidence regarding whole-body CT is, understandably, retrospective. There is some e...
Article
Rima vestibuli
The rima vestibuli is the V-shaped space formed between the false vocal cords, which allows the passage of air through the larynx. It is larger and located superior to the rima glottidis.
It should not be confused for the laryngeal vestibule, which is the entire open space of the supraglottis b...
Article
Rima glottidis
The rima glottidis is the V-shaped opening formed between the true vocal cords, which permits the passage of air through the larynx. Abduction or adduction of the vocal cords can open or close the rima glottidis. The rima glottidis constitutes part of the glottic region of the larynx.
It should...
Article
Vallecula
The epiglottic valleculae are paired small depressions in the oropharynx located either side of the median glossoepiglottic fold, anterior to the epiglottis and posterior to the base of tongue. They are bounded laterally by the lateral glossoepiglottic folds. It has a function in the pharyngeal...
Article
Supraglottis
The supraglottis is an anatomic subsite of the larynx, located superior to the glottis.
Gross anatomy
The supraglottic larynx includes, from superior to inferior, the epiglottis (including both lingual and laryngeal surfaces), the laryngeal aspect of the aryepiglottic folds, false vocal cords,...
Article
Laryngeal ventricle
The laryngeal ventricle is a slitlike, mucosa-lined, space located between the true and false vocal cords. It is often seen on lateral radiographs of the neck as an air-filled space between the true and false vocal cords. It should not be confused with the laryngeal vestibule.
Terminology
It i...
Article
Laryngeal vestibule
The laryngeal vestibule is the part of the laryngeal cavity lying between the laryngeal inlet and vocal folds.
Gross anatomy
It is found within the supraglottis. It has a wedge-shaped cross-section, its base lying anteriorly, with its apex tapering posteriorly.
Relations
anterior: tubercle ...
Article
False vocal cords
The false vocal cords (vestibular folds, ventricular folds, ventricular bands) are paired shelf-like structures located within the supraglottic larynx that divide the laryngeal vestibule above from the laryngeal ventricle below. They function to protect the airway and play very little if any par...
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