Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,879 results found
Article
Gynecologic Imaging-Reporting and Data System (GI-RADS)
The Gynecologic Imaging-Reporting and Data System (GI-RADS) is a reporting system that was created for reporting the findings in adnexal masses based on transvaginal ultrasonography.
Classification
Findings are classified into five categories 1:
GI-RADS 1
normal ovaries identified and no adn...
Article
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) refers to a heterogeneous group of congenital, non-sex-linked, genetic disorders of collagen type I production, involving connective tissues and bones.
The hallmark feature of osteogenesis imperfecta is osteoporosis and fragile bones that fracture easily, as well a...
Article
Superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor
Superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumors (SCPFT) or PRDM10-rearranged soft tissue tumors are rare low-grade mesenchymal neoplasms of the dermis and subcutis 1-3 that have been just added to the WHO classification of soft tissue tumors in 2020 2,3.
Epidemiology
Superficial CD34-positive fi...
Article
Pembrolizumab-induced sarcoid-like reaction
Pembrolizumab-induced sarcoid-like reaction (c.2019) is a phenomenon which has been associated with the use of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) inhibitor pembrolizumab. It could be mistaken for metastatic disease in some situations.
See also
drug induced lung disease
immune checkpoi...
Article
Tubulinopathy
Tubulinopathies refer to a wide spectrum of cortical malformations that result from defects in genes encoding the tubulin protein that regulates neuronal migration during brain development.
Clinical presentation
Some series report a high prevalence of seizures during infancy which may be the i...
Article
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle, is a central metabolic pathway in cells. It involves a series of chemical reactions that oxidize acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to produce energy in the form of ATP and electron carriers ...
Article
Polymorphous low grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young
Polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY) is an epileptogenic tumor of children and young adults. They are often considered part of the heterogeneous group of tumors known as long-term epilepsy-associated tumors (LEATs).
Terminology
First described in 2016 1, polymorpho...
Article
Chondral fracture
Chondral fractures are fractures that involve cartilage only unlike osteochondral fractures where the articular cartilage, as well as the subchondral bone plate, are involved 1.
Epidemiology
Chondral fractures typically occur in combination with ligamentous injuries in young adults but can be ...
Article
Phantom
A phantom or imaging phantom is a highly specialized object utilized in medical imaging for quality control, equipment calibration, dosimetry, and education. The use of the name is used interchangeably for each object despite their differences.
There are two main types of phantom, anthropomorph...
Article
Antihelix (ear)
The antihelix of the ear refers to the Y-shaped cartilage within the external ear, it lies next to the scapha of the ear, the ridge separating the helix from the antihelix.
Gross anatomy
The antihelix can be divided into two parts bifurcating around the triangular fossa1:
superior crus: upper...
Article
Hereditary spherocytosis
Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) (also known as Minkowski-Chauffard disease 1) is a group of hemolytic anemias due to a genetic abnormality of the erythrocyte cell membrane resulting in spherocytes. The clinical spectrum is broad, from a subclinical state to severe transfusion-dependant anemia.
Ep...
Article
Reactive arthritis
Reactive arthritis (ReA) is a sterile inflammatory monoarticular or oligoarticular arthritis that follows an infection at a different site, commonly enteric or urogenital. It is classified as a type of seronegative spondyloarthropathy.
Terminology
Reactive arthritis was formerly known as Reite...
Article
CT lumbar spine (protocol)
The CT lumbar spine or L-spine protocol serves as an examination for the assessment of the lumbar spine. As a separate examination, it is most often performed as a non-contrast study. It might be combined or simultaneously acquired with a CT abdomen. It also forms a part of a polytrauma CT or mi...
Article
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a type of heart failure with normal or near-normal ejection fraction and objective evidence of diastolic dysfunction.
Terminology
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction was initially termed ‘diastolic heart failure' and was repl...
Article
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is an enzyme located within the cytoplasm, peroxisomes and mitochondria. Mutations of the IDH genes are important in a variety of diseases. They form the basis of the classification of diffuse adult-type gliomas in the WHO classification of brain tumors 7 with emer...
Article
Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma
Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) is a rare sub type of sinonasal carcinoma. It is considered a highly aggressive neoplasm arising in the paranasal sinuses. It has been characterized as a distinct pathologic entity.
Clinical presentation
These tumors tend to be rather advanced at pre...
Article
Intracardiac thrombus
Intracardiac thrombi are seen in a variety of clinical settings and can result in severe morbidity or even death from embolic events. They can occur following myocardial infarction with ventricular thrombus formation, or with atrial fibrillation and mitral stenosis where atrial thrombi predomina...
Article
Striated testis
The striated testis is an imaging finding that is seen in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals and represents a wide range of underlying etiologies.
Pathology
Testicular striations represent interstitial infiltration along interlobular septa, which extend from the mediastinum testis and in...
Article
First branchial cleft fistula
First branchial cleft fistulae are rare congenital malformations arising from the branchial apparatus during embryogenesis 1-5. They are often in close relation to the parotid gland, facial nerve, external auditory canal and the anterior neck near the angle of the mandible 1,2,5. Diagnosis can b...
Article
Rotator cuff tear arthropathy
Rotator cuff tear arthropathy is a spectrum of degenerative disease that develops due to a rotator cuff deficient shoulder. The term encompasses both rotator cuff tendinopathic change as well as associated joint degenerative change.
Epidemiology
Elderly women are affected more than men and it...
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