Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
705 results found
Article
Shrinking lung syndrome
Shrinking lung syndrome refers to a rare thoracic complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) characterized by:
unexplained dyspnea
restrictive pattern on pulmonary function tests
elevated hemidiaphragm
Epidemiology
As with SLE in general, it is thought to carry a increased female pr...
Article
Top of the basilar syndrome
Top of the basilar syndrome, also known as rostral brainstem infarction, occurs when there is thromboembolic occlusion of the top of the basilar artery. This results in bilateral thalamic ischemia due to occlusion of perforator vessels.
Clinical presentation
Clinically, top of the basilar synd...
Article
Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia
Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (also known as metaphyseal dysplasia or dysostosis) is a type of skeletal dysplasia. It can occur as part of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS).
Pathology
Classification
Schmid type - mild type, due to mutation in type X collagen (COL10A1 gene), metaphyses are cuppe...
Article
Sézary syndrome
Sézary syndrome (SS) is a type of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
Clinical presentation
It is clinically characterized by an extensive erythematous rash covering most of the body as well as the presence of malignant lymphocytes in the blood.
History and etymology
It is named after Albert...
Article
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a clinical syndrome and considered the most common and the most lethal form of pulmonary fibrosis corresponding to the histologic and imaging pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia. It is more common in elderly men and diagnosed by:
histological or imagi...
Article
White cord syndrome
White cord syndrome refers to the sudden onset of neurological deterioration following spinal decompressive surgery. The condition is believed to be a form of reperfusion injury of the spinal cord, not to be confused with central cord syndrome.
Epidemiology
White cord syndrome is rare with onl...
Article
Chudley-McCullough syndrome
Chudley-McCullough syndrome is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early-onset sensorineural hearing loss and a distinctive combination of structural brain abnormalities, with relative preservation of psychomotor development.
Epidemiology
Chudley-McCullough syndrome...
Article
Williams syndrome
Williams syndrome (WS), sometimes called Williams-Beuren syndrome, is characterized by some or all of the following features:
craniofacial dysmorphism (e.g. elfin facies)
oral abnormalities
short stature (50% of cases)
mild to moderate intellectual disability
supravalvular aortic stenosis ...
Article
Amnestic syndrome of the subcallosal artery
Amnestic syndrome of the subcallosal artery describes an acute amnestic syndrome secondary to ischemic stroke affecting the subcallosal artery which leads to infarction of the bilateral fornices.
Epidemiology
The exact incidence of amnestic syndrome of the subcallosal artery is not known, but ...
Article
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) describes a clinical syndrome of impaired adduction in one eye with dissociated horizontal nystagmus of the other abducting eye, due to a lesion in the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) ipsilateral to the eye unable to adduct. It is a common finding in multi...
Article
Collet-Sicard syndrome
Collet-Sicard syndrome, also known as condylar jugular syndrome, is a constellation of cranial nerve palsies due to neoplastic or non-neoplastic lesions at the jugular foramen 1,2.
Clinical presentation
Vernet syndrome, consisting of motor paralysis of
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
vagus ne...
Article
Toxic shock syndrome
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a severe bacterial-toxin mediated condition, characterized by an initial soft tissue infection, which rapidly progresses to systemic disease and circulatory collapse 5. It is due to a Gram positive infection, most frequently Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus py...
Article
Fahr syndrome
Fahr syndrome, also known as bilateral striatopallidodentate calcinosis, is characterized by abnormal vascular calcium deposition, particularly in the basal ganglia, cerebellar dentate nuclei, and white matter, with subsequent atrophy.
It can be either primary (usually autosomal dominant) or se...
Article
Hughes-Stovin syndrome
Hughes-Stovin syndrome (HSS) is a vasculitis that predominantly affects large vessels. The disease bears some resemblance to Behçet disease.
Epidemiology
Hughes-Stovin syndrome is very rare 7. It occurs predominantly between the 2nd to 4th decades. There is a recognized male predilection.
Cl...
Article
Lethal omphalocele-cleft palate syndrome
Lethal omphalocele-cleft palate syndrome is, as the name suggests, characterized by the association of omphalocele and cleft palate.
Prevalence is assumed to be <1 per 1,000,000. It has been postulated that this syndrome is likely to be an autosomal recessive condition 1.
History and etymolog...
Article
Sclerosteosis
Sclerosteosis is a rare autosomal recessive bone dysplasia resulting in sclerosis and hyperostosis, particularly of the skull, mandible and tubular bones. It is closely related to Van Buchem disease 1.
Epidemiology
Sclerosteosis is a very rare disease, with only around 100 cases reported. Ther...
Article
18q deletion syndrome
18q deletion syndrome is a rare chromosomal anomaly where there is a deletion of part of the long arm of chromosome 18. Associated symptoms and findings vary widely, as do their severity. Characteristic clinical features include short stature, intellectual disability, hypotonia, facial, and dist...
Article
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection is an uncommon coronavirus infection (<1000 cases) with the first case reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It most commonly causes pneumonia and acute renal failure with a mortality rate of ~40%. MERS-CoV raises concern because of i...
Article
Achenbach syndrome
Achenbach syndrome, also known as paroxysmal finger hematomas or acute idiopathic blue finger, is a rare disorder characterized by spontaneous rupture of digital arteries with resultant hematomas 1-3.
Epidemiology
Achenbach syndrome is more common in women, typically in middle to older age (30...
Article
Platypnoea-orthodeoxia syndrome
Platypnoea-orthodeoxia syndrome refers to the concomitant occurrence of dyspnea and hypoxemia, respectively, which are precipitated by assuming an upright position and alleviated by assuming a recumbent position 4.
Clinical presentation
As the name of the syndrome suggests, the hallmark clinic...
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