Articles
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16,879 results found
Article
Basal ganglia hemorrhage
Basal ganglia hemorrhages are a common form of intracerebral hemorrhage, and usually result from poorly controlled long-standing hypertension, although they also have other causes. When due to chronic hypertension, the stigmata of chronic hypertensive encephalopathy are often present (see cerebr...
Article
Thalamic hemorrhage
Thalamic hemorrhages are a common form of intracerebral hemorrhage, and usually are a result of poorly controlled long-standing hypertension, although also have other causes. When due to chronic hypertension, the stigmata of chronic hypertensive encephalopathy are often present (see cerebral mic...
Article
Intracerebral hemorrhage
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or intraparenchymal cerebral hemorrhage, is a subset of an intracranial hemorrhage as well as of stroke, defined by the acute accumulation of blood within the brain parenchyma.
This article concerns non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhages; traumatic hemorrhagic c...
Article
Intracranial hemorrhage
Intracranial hemorrhage is a collective term encompassing many different conditions characterized by the extravascular accumulation of blood within different intracranial spaces. A simple categorization is based on location:
intra-axial hemorrhage
intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)
basal ganglia ...
Article
Hepatic leiomyosarcoma
Hepatic leiomyosarcomas are rare primary malignant tumors derived from smooth muscle cells in the liver.
Epidemiology
Hepatic leiomyosarcoma is rare 1. An equal sex distribution and a broad age range (5 months-66Y) has been reported. Some have suggested an associated with AIDS 2.
Pathology
T...
Article
Circumferential resection margin
Circumferential resection margin (CRM) is a term used to denote the standard plane of excision of total mesorectal excision, used for resection of rectal cancers. The anatomic correlate is the mesorectal fascia. The distance between tumor tissue or satellite tumor deposits and the mesorectal fas...
Article
Fetal parvovirus B19 infection
Fetal parvovirus B19 infection is a type of in utero infection. In certain cases it can lead to intrauterine fetal death.
Pathology
It was first reported to be associated with fetal death and hydrops fetalis in 1984. Human parvovirus B19 is the only known parvovirus virus pathogenic to human...
Article
Desmoplastic myxoid tumor of the pineal region, SMARCB1-mutant
Desmoplastic myxoid tumor of the pineal region, SMARCB1-mutant is a rare type of pineal parenchymal tumor encountered in adults.
Epidemiology
Desmoplastic myxoid tumor of the pineal gland SMARCB1-mutant occurs in adolescents and young adults (mean age of diagnosis 40 years old) with a slight p...
Article
Meniscal flounce
Meniscal flounces refer to the "ruffled" appearance of the inner margin of knee menisci. They were initially thought to be only an arthroscopic finding, as a result of joint distension and anesthetic muscle relaxants but they are occasionally seen on MRI.
Epidemiology
Meniscal flounces are un...
Article
Left hemicolectomy
Left hemicolectomy is a surgical procedure in which splenic flexure, descending colon, and a portion of the sigmoid colon are removed for radical treatment of various pathologies affecting the descending colon.
Indications
colon cancer
inflammatory bowel disease
isolated left diverticular di...
Article
Spinal wedge fracture
Spinal wedge (compression) fractures are hyperflexion injuries to the vertebral body resulting from axial loading. Most commonly affecting the anterior aspect of the vertebral body, wedge fractures are considered a single-column (i.e. stable) fracture.
Epidemiology
Spinal wedge compression fr...
Article
Transfer learning
The concept of transfer learning in artificial neural networks is taking knowledge acquired from training on one particular domain and applying it in learning a separate task.
In recent years, a well-established paradigm has been to pre-train models using large-scale data (e.g., ImageNet) and t...
Article
McAfee classification of thoracolumbar spinal fractures
McAfee classification of acute traumatic spinal injuries is one of a number of thoracolumbar spinal fracture classification systems and is based on the three-column concept of the spine (of Denis). It requires CT for an accurate assessment.
Usage
Unlike the more common formal and widely used c...
Article
Ventricular interdependence
Ventricular interdependence (or ventricular coupling) is a phenomenon whereby the function of one ventricle is altered by changes in the filling of the other ventricle. This leads to a volume increase of one ventricle associated with a decreased volume in the opposite ventricle 1.
This conditio...
Article
Pseudoaneurysm of the mitral aortic intervalvular fibrosa
Pseudoaneurysm of the mitral aortic intervalvular fibrosa (p-MAIVF) refers to a pseudoaneurysm in the region of the avascular fibrous tissue between the mitral and aortic valves (i.e. the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa (MAIVF)).
Pathology
Etiology
They may rarely occur as a result of inf...
Article
Dilated mammary veins (differential)
Dilated mammary veins can result from many pathologies. These include:
as a secondary but non specific sign of breast malignancy 1
ipsilateral subclavian venous obstruction
SVC obstruction 2
Mondor disease: can be dilated as well as being thrombosed
Article
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a distinct subgroup of pulmonary hypertension that most frequently develops following massive or repeated pulmonary embolism.
Terminology
The term CTEPH should be used for patients with chronic thromboembolic disease and pulmonary hypert...
Article
Ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that not only predominantly affects the colon, but also has extra-intestinal manifestations.
Epidemiology
Typically ulcerative colitis manifests in young adults (15-40 years of age) and is more prevalent in males but the onset of d...
Article
High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features
High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features (HGAP) is a rare tumor most commonly encountered in the posterior fossa of adults, especially those with neurofibromatosis type 1. It appears heterogeneous and has a relatively poor prognosis.
Epidemiology
Due to the small number of patients reporte...
Article
Acetabular angle
The acetabular angle, also known as Sharp angle 6, is a radiographic measurement most commonly used to evaluate potential developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in children and acetabular dysplasia in adults.
Usage
The acetabular angle is used in patients who have started to ossify the epiph...
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