Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,879 results found
Article
Multicystic dysplastic kidney
Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is a type of non-heritable pediatric cystic renal disease. It results in multiple cysts being formed in utero in the affected kidney.
Epidemiology
Unilateral incidence is estimated at 1:2500-4000. There may be a predisposition for the left kidney, a slightl...
Article
Pelviureteric junction obstruction
Pelviureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction/stenosis, also known as ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction/stenosis, can be one of the causes of obstructive uropathy. It can be congenital or acquired with a congenital pelviureteric junction obstruction being one of the commonest causes of antenat...
Article
Tibial plateau
The tibial plateau (pl: plateaus/plateaux 4) is the superior surface of the tibia, consisting of medial and lateral articular facets and the intercondylar area 5,6.
Terminology
Describing the "medial" or "lateral" tibial plateau is appropriate when used as an adjective but not as a noun, as th...
Article
Turner syndrome
Turner syndrome, also known as 45XO or 45X, is the most common of the sex chromosome abnormalities in females.
Epidemiology
The incidence is estimated at 1:2000-5000 of live births, although the in utero rate is much higher (1-2% of conceptions) due to a significant proportion of affected fet...
Article
Corona mortis
The crown of death (Latin: corona mortis), is a common variant arterial anastomosis between the external iliac artery or deep inferior epigastric artery and the obturator artery. Injury to this anastomosis (e.g. due to pubic ramus fractures) may cause significant hemorrhage.
Epidemiology
The c...
Article
Renal trauma
Renal trauma can result from direct, blunt, penetrating, and iatrogenic injury.
Epidemiology
Renal injuries account for ~10% of abdominal trauma, and thus the demographic of affected individuals reflect that population. The incidence of renal injuries increases in pre-existing congenital or ac...
Article
Aggressive vertebral hemangioma
Aggressive vertebral hemangiomata are a rare form of vertebral hemangiomata where significant vertebral expansion, extra-osseous component with epidural extension, disturbance of blood flow, and occasionally compression fractures can be present causing spinal cord and/or nerve root compression 1...
Article
Listeria meningoencephalitis
CNS infection with Listeria monocytogenes, classically presenting as listeria rhombencephalitis, results from infection with Listeria monocytogenes, a motile facultative anaerobic bacterium. It is cited as the most common etiology for rhombencephalitis, typically seen in the elderly, and resulti...
Article
Bone marrow
Bone marrow is ubiquitous throughout the skeleton, primarily composed of hematopoietic cells and fat cells between bony trabeculae and fibrous retinacula. It performs numerous physiological functions and dynamically changes during normal aging and in response to stressors and pathology. Although...
Article
Whole-body CT (protocol)
CT polytrauma/multitrauma, also called trauma CT, whole body CT (WBCT) or panscan, is an increasingly used investigation in patients with multiple injuries sustained after significant trauma.
The majority of the evidence regarding whole-body CT is, understandably, retrospective. There is some e...
Article
Liver trauma
The liver is one of the most frequently damaged organs in blunt trauma, and liver trauma is associated with a significant mortality rate.
Epidemiology
In blunt abdominal trauma, the liver is injured ~5% (range 1-10%) of the time 1,3.
Clinical presentation
Patients can present with right uppe...
Article
Chiari I malformation
Chiari I malformation is the most common variant of the Chiari malformations and is characterized by a caudal descent of the cerebellar tonsils (and brainstem in its subtype, Chiari 1.5) through the foramen magnum. Symptoms are proportional to the degree of descent. MRI is the imaging modality o...
Article
Cyamella
A cyamella is a rare sesamoid bone that exists as a normal variant within the popliteus tendon, characteristically located at the lateral aspect of the distal femur in the popliteal groove.
Cyamella is best seen on the AP view of plain radiograph as opposed to the fabella, which is located in t...
Article
Rima vestibuli
The rima vestibuli is the V-shaped space formed between the false vocal cords, which allows the passage of air through the larynx. It is larger and located superior to the rima glottidis.
It should not be confused for the laryngeal vestibule, which is the entire open space of the supraglottis b...
Article
Rima glottidis
The rima glottidis is the V-shaped opening formed between the true vocal cords, which permits the passage of air through the larynx. Abduction or adduction of the vocal cords can open or close the rima glottidis. The rima glottidis constitutes part of the glottic region of the larynx.
It should...
Article
Vallecula
The epiglottic valleculae are paired small depressions in the oropharynx located either side of the median glossoepiglottic fold, anterior to the epiglottis and posterior to the base of tongue. They are bounded laterally by the lateral glossoepiglottic folds. It has a function in the pharyngeal...
Article
Supraglottis
The supraglottis is an anatomic subsite of the larynx, located superior to the glottis.
Gross anatomy
The supraglottic larynx includes, from superior to inferior, the epiglottis (including both lingual and laryngeal surfaces), the laryngeal aspect of the aryepiglottic folds, false vocal cords,...
Article
Laryngeal ventricle
The laryngeal ventricle is a slitlike, mucosa-lined, space located between the true and false vocal cords. It is often seen on lateral radiographs of the neck as an air-filled space between the true and false vocal cords. It should not be confused with the laryngeal vestibule.
Terminology
It i...
Article
Laryngeal vestibule
The laryngeal vestibule is the part of the laryngeal cavity lying between the laryngeal inlet and vocal folds.
Gross anatomy
It is found within the supraglottis. It has a wedge-shaped cross-section, its base lying anteriorly, with its apex tapering posteriorly.
Relations
anterior: tubercle ...
Article
False vocal cords
The false vocal cords (vestibular folds, ventricular folds, ventricular bands) are paired shelf-like structures located within the supraglottic larynx that divide the laryngeal vestibule above from the laryngeal ventricle below. They function to protect the airway and play very little if any par...
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