Abdominal x-ray densities
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This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Abdominal x-ray review is a key competency for medical students, junior doctors and other allied health professionals. Using ABDO X is a helpful and systematic method for abdominal x-ray review, where D refers to the assessment of dense structures such as the bones and areas of calcification.
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Summary
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introduction
- several bony structures are visible on an abdominal x-ray and should be evaluated carefully
- calcification may also be visible and may provide a clue as to the cause of the patient's symptoms and signs
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procedure
- evaluate all of the bones visible on the x-ray as you would on any other x-ray
- look at the contours, density, trabecular pattern, areas of lysis or sclerosis
- you may see the lower thoracic vertebral bodies, all of the lumbar vertebral bodies, sacrum, iliac blades, ischium, femoral heads and necks, and lowest ribs
- Paget disease of the pelvis is frequently identified on abdominal x-rays
- examine the renal shadows and paths of the ureters for small densities which indicate stones
- gallstones are radioopaque in approximately 15-20% of cases
- small pelvic calcifications are likely to be phleboliths
- calcified lymph nodes are also sometimes identified
- other calcifications include:
- vascular, e.g. aorta, splenic artery, phleboliths
- uterine fibroids
- calcified mesenteric lymph nodes
- hepatic/splenic granuloma
- gluteal injection site granuloma
- encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis
- evaluate all of the bones visible on the x-ray as you would on any other x-ray
Related articles
-<a title="Paget disease (bone)" href="/articles/paget-disease-bone">Paget disease</a> of the pelvis is frequently identified on abdominal x-rays</li>- +<a href="/articles/paget-disease-bone">Paget disease</a> of the pelvis is frequently identified on abdominal x-rays</li>
- +<li><a title="Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis" href="/articles/encapsulating-peritoneal-sclerosis">encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis</a></li>
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