Accessory muscles of the ankle
Updates to Article Attributes
Body
was changed:
Accessory muscles of the ankle are normal muscular anatomical variants that are usually asymptomatic but rarely cause symptoms or might be encountered on imaging studies.
The following accessory muscles around the ankle have been described 1-4:
-
flexorposteromedial/flexor compartment/posteromedial aspect- accessory flexor digitorum longus muscle (deep to the flexor retinaculum)
- accessory soleus muscle (superficial to the flexor retinaculum)
- peroneocalcaneus internus muscle (rare, deep to the flexor retinaculum)
-
tibiocalcaneus internus muscle
(rare(unknown, deep to the flexor retinaculum)
-
peroneallateral/peroneal compartment/lateral aspect-
peroneus quartus muscles
- peroneocalcaneus externum muscle
- peroneus digiti minimi muscle
- peroneus accessorius muscle
-
peroneus quartus muscles
-
extensoranterior/extensor compartment- peroneus tertius muscle (very common)
- extensor hallucis capsularis muscle (uncommon)
- anterior fibulocalcaneus muscle (rare)
- accessory extensor digiti secundus muscle (rare)
- tibioastragalus anticus of Gruber muscle (rare)
Radiographic features
Accessory muscles look like normal muscles in an abnormal location on imaging studies.
Radiology report
The radiological report should include a description of the following features:
- accessory muscle with location
- signs of impingement
- nerve compression syndromes
Clinical importance
Accessory muscles might mimic pathological conditions such as tumours or mass lesions.
Related pathology
Accessory muscles of the ankle have been implicated in the following clinical conditions 3,4:
- ankle impingement syndromes
- tarsal tunnel syndrome
- chronic ankle pain
- hindfoot deformity
-<li>flexor compartment/posteromedial aspect<ul>- +<li>posteromedial/flexor compartment<ul>
-<a title="Peroneocalcaneus internus muscle" href="/articles/peroneocalcaneus-internus-muscle">peroneocalcaneus internus muscle</a> (rare, deep to the flexor retinaculum)</li>- +<a href="/articles/peroneocalcaneus-internus-muscle">peroneocalcaneus internus muscle</a> (rare, deep to the flexor retinaculum)</li>
-<a href="/articles/tibiocalcaneus-internus">tibiocalcaneus internus muscle</a> (rare, deep to the flexor retinaculum)</li>- +<a href="/articles/tibiocalcaneus-internus-muscle">tibiocalcaneus internus muscle</a> (unknown, deep to the flexor retinaculum)</li>
-<li>peroneal compartment/lateral aspect<ul><li>- +<li>lateral/peroneal compartment<ul><li>
-<li>extensor compartment<ul>- +<li>anterior/extensor compartment<ul>
Images Changes:
Image 4 MRI (T1) ( create )
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