Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Gaillard F, Knipe H, Feger J, Adjacent segment degeneration. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 23 Apr 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-60038
Disclosures:
At the time the article was last revised Henry Knipe had the following disclosures:
- Integral Diagnostics, Shareholder (ongoing)
- Micro-X Ltd, Shareholder (ongoing)
These were assessed during peer review and were determined to
not be relevant to the changes that were made.
View Henry Knipe's current disclosures
Adjacent segment degeneration or adjacent level disease is a common complication of spinal fusion occurring at the adjacent unfused level above or below the fused segment.
Epidemiology
It is usually encountered in the cervical spine or lumbar spine and occurs with an incidence of 2-4% per year 4.
Pathology
The underlying etiology is multifactorial and likely represents the progression of pre-existing degenerative disease accelerated by changes in biomechanical forces due to fusion at the adjacent level.
Adjacent segment degeneration can co-exist with adjacent level ossification but is believed to be distinct from it.
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1. Yang H, Lu X, He H et al. Longer Plate-To-Disc Distance Prevents Adjacent-Level Ossification Development but Does Not Influence Adjacent-Segment Degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2015;40(7):E388-93. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000000800 - Pubmed
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2. Song K, Choi B, Jeon T, Lee K, Chang H. Adjacent Segment Degenerative Disease: Is It Due to Disease Progression or a Fusion-Associated Phenomenon? Comparison Between Segments Adjacent to the Fused and Non-Fused Segments. Eur Spine J. 2011;20(11):1940-5. doi:10.1007/s00586-011-1864-9 - Pubmed
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3. Wang H, Ma L, Yang D et al. Incidence and Risk Factors of Adjacent Segment Disease Following Posterior Decompression and Instrumented Fusion for Degenerative Lumbar Disorders. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(5):e6032. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000006032 - Pubmed
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4. Tobert D, Antoci V, Patel S, Saadat E, Bono C. Adjacent Segment Disease in the Cervical and Lumbar Spine. Clin Spine Surg. 2017;30(3):94-101. doi:10.1097/BSD.0000000000000442 - Pubmed
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