Amylase
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Serum amylase is widely employed as thea marker of acute pancreatitis and significant elevation is diagnostic.
Amylase is a digestive enzyme that is predominantly found in the pancreas and the salivary glands. These glands account for most of the normal serum amylase found in a well individual 1. The amylases produced from these organs is distinguishable on laboratory assays.
Causes of hyperamylasaemia
Amylase is found in small bowel intraluminal fluid and therefore bowel stasis can lead to abnormal absorption of the enzyme.
- pancreatitis
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other pancreatic assaults
- ERCP/EUS: instrumentation of the main pancreatic duct
- pancreatic trauma
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bowel disease
- bowel ischaemia/infarction
- bowel perforation
- salivary gland pathology
-
reduced homeostatic removal of amylase
- renal failure
- macroamylasaemia
- chronic alcoholism
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postsurgical
- especially coronary arterial bypass grafting (CABG)
- lactic acidosis
-
eating disorders
- anorexia nervosa
- bulimia
- ectopic amylase secretion by cancer
-<p><strong>Serum amylase</strong> is widely employed as the marker of acute pancreatitis. </p>- +<p><strong>Serum amylase</strong> is widely employed as a marker of <a href="/articles/acute-pancreatitis">acute pancreatitis</a> and significant elevation is diagnostic. </p><p>Amylase is a digestive enzyme that is predominantly found in the pancreas and the salivary glands. These glands account for most of the normal serum amylase found in a well individual <sup>1</sup>. The amylases produced from these organs is distinguishable on laboratory assays.</p><h4>Causes of hyperamylasaemia</h4><p>Amylase is found in small bowel intraluminal fluid and therefore bowel stasis can lead to abnormal absorption of the enzyme. </p><ul>
- +<li><a href="/articles/pancreatitis">pancreatitis</a></li>
- +<li>other pancreatic assaults<ul>
- +<li>ERCP/EUS: instrumentation of the main pancreatic duct</li>
- +<li>pancreatic trauma</li>
- +</ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>bowel disease<ul>
- +<li>bowel ischaemia/infarction</li>
- +<li>bowel perforation</li>
- +</ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>salivary gland pathology</li>
- +<li>reduced homeostatic removal of amylase<ul>
- +<li>renal failure</li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/macroamylasaemia">macroamylasaemia</a></li>
- +</ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>chronic alcoholism</li>
- +<li>postsurgical<ul><li>especially <a href="/articles/cabg">coronary arterial bypass grafting (CABG)</a>
- +</li></ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>lactic acidosis</li>
- +<li>eating disorders<ul>
- +<li>anorexia nervosa</li>
- +<li>bulimia</li>
- +</ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>ectopic amylase secretion by cancer</li>
- +</ul>
References changed:
- 1. Pieper-Bigelow C, Strocchi A, Levitt MD. Where does serum amylase come from and where does it go?. (1990) Gastroenterology clinics of North America. 19 (4): 793-810. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1702756">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
- 1. Pieper-Bigelow C, Strocchi A, Levitt MD. Where does serum amylase come from and where does it go?. (1990) Gastroenterology clinics of North America. 19 (4): 793-810. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1702756">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
- 2. Liu S, Wang Q, Zhou R, et al. Hyperamylasemia as an Early Predictor of Mortality in Patients with Acute Paraquat Poisoning. (2016) Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. 22: 1342-8. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27101346">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
- 1. Uhl W, Warshaw A, Imrie C, Bassi C, McKay CJ, Lankisch PG, Carter R, Di Magno E, Banks PA, Whitcomb DC, Dervenis C, Ulrich CD, Satake K, Ghaneh P, Hartwig W, Werner J, McEntee G, Neoptolemos JP, Büchler MW. IAP Guidelines for the Surgical Management of Acute Pancreatitis. (2002) Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et al.]. 2 (6): 565-73. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1159/000071269">doi:10.1159/000071269</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12435871">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
Sections changed:
- Pathology
Systems changed:
- Hepatobiliary
- Gastrointestinal
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