Anode heel effect
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Anode heel effect refers to the intensity of the x-ray beam, produced from the X-ray tube, which is not uniform in all portions of the beam.
Basic concept
In general, the beam consists of a central ray and a diverging beam. The rays towards the cathode end of the tube have more intensity. This is because, in a diverging beam, the rays which are parallel or near parallel to the inclined/angulated anode get absorbed by the anode itself.
Applications
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Intensityintensity of beam on the anode side is less than cathode side: therefore place the thicker part of the body on the cathode side, e.g. upper thoracic on the anode side and lower thoracic or upper abdomen should be placed on the cathode side. -
Targettarget-to-film distance: increase in distance reduces heel effect. -
Sizesize of film (keeping target-to-film distance as constant ): the smaller film has lesser heel effect as the divergent beam does not reach the film and intensity of the beam is more uniform at centre than at the periphery.
-<p><strong>Anode heel effect </strong>refers to the intensity of the x-ray beam, produced from the <a href="/articles/x-ray-tube-1">X-ray tube</a>, which is not uniform in all portions of the beam.</p><h4>Basic concept</h4><p>In general, the beam consists of a central ray and a diverging beam. The rays towards the cathode end of the tube have more intensity. This is because in a diverging beam, the rays which are parallel or near parallel to the inclined/angulated anode get absorbed by the anode itself.</p><h4>Applications</h4><ol>-<li>Intensity of beam on the anode side is less than cathode side: therefore place the thicker part of the body on the cathode side, e.g. upper thoracic on the anode side and lower thoracic or upper abdomen should be placed on the cathode side.</li>- +<p><strong>Anode heel effect </strong>refers to the intensity of the x-ray beam, produced from the <a href="/articles/x-ray-tube-1">X-ray tube</a>, which is not uniform in all portions of the beam.</p><h4>Basic concept</h4><p>In general, the beam consists of a central ray and a diverging beam. The rays towards the cathode end of the tube have more intensity. This is because, in a diverging beam, the rays which are parallel or near parallel to the inclined/angulated anode get absorbed by the anode itself.</p><h4>Applications</h4><ol>
- +<li>intensity of beam on the anode side is less than cathode side: therefore place the thicker part of the body on the cathode side, e.g. upper thoracic on the anode side and lower thoracic or upper abdomen should be placed on the cathode side.</li>
-<strong>Target-to-film distance: </strong>increase in distance reduces heel effect.</li>- +<strong>target-to-film distance: </strong>increase in distance reduces heel effect.</li>
-<strong>Size of film</strong> (keeping target-to-film distance as constant ): the smaller film has lesser heel effect as the divergent beam does not reach the film and intensity of the beam is more uniform at centre than at the periphery.</li>- +<strong>size of film</strong> (keeping target-to-film distance as constant ): the smaller film has lesser heel effect as the divergent beam does not reach the film and intensity of the beam is more uniform at centre than at the periphery.</li>
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