Aseptic loosening of hip joint replacements

Last revised by Calum Worsley on 19 Jul 2023

Aseptic loosening is considered relatively common complication of hip joint replacements. It is usually considered a long-term complication and is often considered as the most common complication 3.

Aseptic loosening can occur as a result of inadequate initial fixation, mechanical loss of fixation over time, or a biological loss of fixation caused by particle-induced osteolysis surrounding the implant.

The causes of particle accumulation vary from implant interface wear, micromotion occurring in response to corrosion, oxidative reactions, and minor pathogen contamination. The initial response to particulate debris can include a subtle inflammatory response, which becomes more pronounced as osteolysis progresses. This inflammatory environment provokes a cellular response that is characterized by elevated levels of secreted factors such as TNF, RANKL, IL-6, IL-1, and IL-11.

A peri-implant lucency of greater than 2 mm or progressive change is considered a concerning feature.

  • <1 mm in thickness are usually clinically insignificant

  • 1-2 mm in thickness probably indicates membrane formation with pseudo-stable implants

  • >2 mm in thickness (especially if new or progressive) are likely indicative of aseptic loosening of hip joint replacements

Stress views may show an interval change in position. The loosening is not lined by sclerosis. The features may include:

  • medial migration of cement and cup mass

  • change in inclination of the cup

ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads

Updating… Please wait.

 Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.

 Thank you for updating your details.