Augmentation cystoplasty is a surgical procedure utilized in adults to treat low-capacity, compliant, or refractory overactive bladder. Additionally, it is beneficial for pediatric patients needing reconstruction of the lower urinary tract following congenital urological abnormalities like bladder exstrophy. Augmentation cystoplasty can create a safe, functional reservoir that enables urinary continence and prevents upper tract deterioration 1,2,3.
Surgical techniques
Ileocystoplasty is a common bladder augmentation procedure. The small bowel is often preferred due to ease of handling, but in some cases, a colonic conduit may be better, such as after pelvic radiotherapy. Gastric segments were once popular, especially in children, but are now less common due to higher risks 1,4.
Complications
Early complications may involve thromboembolism, while long-term issues consist of metabolic disturbance, bacteriuria, urinary tract stones, perforation, incontinence, and carcinoma 1. The risk of malignancy in the intestinal segment of the augmented bladder is about 1.2%, with a long latency period 5.
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