Birth defects linked to antithyroid drug treatment in pregnancy
Updates to Article Attributes
Birth defects linked to antithyroid drug treatment in pregnancy have for a long time been known to exist. A recent Danish register-based cohort study has assessed the degree of association of antithyroid Antithyroid drugs (ATD), such asin this context, include methimazole (MMI) /, carbimazole (CMZ) and propylthiouracil (PTU), and the spectrum of disease.
Epidemiology
The prevalence of birth defects appears to be high in children exposed to ATD in early pregnancy. Both MMI/CMZ and PTU are associated with an increased odds ratio of birth defects, with an odds ratio (OR) approximating 2. The commonest defects in MMI/CMZ-exposed children seem to appear with an adjusted ORodds ratio ~20 when combined 2.
Clinical presentation
MMI/CMZ-exposed children may commonly develop:
Both MMI/CMZ and PTU have been shown to be associated with urinary system malformation. Moreover Moreover, PTU may predominantly cause malformations in the face and neck region.
Pathology
Hyperthyroidism in pregnant women is a known source of a variety of maternal and fetal complications, necessitating the use of antithyroid drug treatment (ATD) in pregnancy to control maternal hormone levels.
-<p><strong>Birth defects linked to antithyroid drug treatment in pregnancy</strong> have for a long time been known to exist. A recent Danish register-based cohort study has assessed the degree of association of antithyroid drugs (ATD), such as methimazole (MMI) / carbimazole (CMZ) and propylthiouracil (PTU), and the spectrum of disease.</p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>The prevalence of birth defects appears to be high in children exposed to ATD in early pregnancy. Both MMI/CMZ and PTU are associated with an increased odds ratio of birth defects, with an odds ratio (OR) approximating 2. The commonest defects in MMI/CMZ-exposed children seem to appear with an adjusted OR ~20 when combined <sup>2</sup>.</p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>MMI/CMZ-exposed children may commonly develop:</p><ul>-<li><a href="/articles/choanal-atresia">choanal atresia</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/oesophageal-atresia">oesophageal atresia</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/omphalocoele">omphalocele</a></li>-<li>omphalomesenteric duct anomalies</li>-<li>aplasia cutis</li>-</ul><p>Both MMI/CMZ and PTU have been shown to be associated with urinary system malformation. Moreover, PTU may predominantly cause malformations in the face and neck region.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>Hyperthyroidism in pregnant women is a known source of a variety of maternal and fetal complications, necessitating the use of antithyroid drug treatment (ATD) in pregnancy to control maternal hormone levels.</p>- +<p><strong>Birth defects linked to antithyroid drug treatment in pregnancy</strong> have for a long time been known to exist. Antithyroid drugs, in this context, include methimazole (MMI), carbimazole (CMZ) and propylthiouracil (PTU).</p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>The prevalence of birth defects appears to be high in children exposed to ATD in early pregnancy. Both MMI/CMZ and PTU are associated with an increased odds ratio of birth defects, with an odds ratio approximating 2. The commonest defects in MMI/CMZ-exposed children seem to appear with an adjusted odds ratio ~20 when combined <sup>2</sup>.</p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>MMI/CMZ-exposed children may commonly develop:</p><ul>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/choanal-atresia">choanal atresia</a></p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/oesophageal-atresia">oesophageal atresia</a></p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/omphalocele-1">omphalocele</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>omphalomesenteric duct anomalies</p></li>
- +<li><p>aplasia cutis</p></li>
- +</ul><p>Both MMI/CMZ and PTU have been shown to be associated with urinary system malformation. Moreover, PTU may predominantly cause malformations in the face and neck region.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>Hyperthyroidism in pregnant women is a known source of a variety of maternal and fetal complications, necessitating the use of antithyroid drug treatment in pregnancy to control maternal hormone levels.</p>
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