Birth trauma
Updates to Article Attributes
Body
was changed:
Birth trauma relates to those conditions caused by both physical/mechanical and hypoxic injuries.
Epidemiology
Birth trauma occurs in ~5 per 1000 births 2.
Risk factors
- asphyxia
- breech presentation
- shoulder dystocia
- instrument delivery
- macrosomia
- obstructed labour
Pathology
Aetiology
There are a wide range of conditions related to birth trauma, ranging from superficial and minor injuries through to fatal injuries.
Musculoskeletal
- superficial bruising, grazes and lacerations
- caput succedaneum
- cephalohaematoma
- long bone fractures, especially clavicular and femoral
- fibromatosis colli
- skull fracture
- vertebral fractures, in particular of C7 and T1 2
CNS/PNS
- brachial plexus injury
- congenital facial nerve palsy
-
intracranial haemorrhage (ICH)
- extradural haemorrhage (rare)
- subdural haemorrhage (most common ICH)
- neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy
- spinal cord injury
Differential diagnosis
Birth trauma may not be readily apparent initially, and may have a delayed presentation. Non-accidental injuries can be considered in the neonate in the correct context.
-<li>skull fracture<ul><li><a title="Ping pong skull fracture" href="/articles/ping-pong-skull-fracture">ping pong skull fracture</a></li></ul>- +<li>skull fracture<ul><li><a href="/articles/ping-pong-skull-fracture">ping pong skull fracture</a></li></ul>
-</ul><h4>Differential diagnosis</h4><p>Birth trauma may not be readily apparent initially, and may have a delayed presentation. <a href="/articles/non-accidental-injuries">Non-accidental injuries</a> can be considered in the neonate in the correct context.</p>- +</ul><h4>Differential diagnosis</h4><p>Birth trauma may not be readily apparent initially, and may have a delayed presentation. <a href="/articles/non-accidental-injury-1">Non-accidental injuries</a> can be considered in the neonate in the correct context.</p>
Sections changed:
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.