Breast calcifications (an approach)
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Breast calcifications are relatively frequently found on mammograms and are indicative of focally active process;, however about 80% of these processes are benign. Thus ability to distinguish these calcifications based on their morphological characteristics, size, number and distribution is important, and on follow up mammograms the stability of the same should be determined.
Morphology
-
probably malginant
( probably(probably intraductal)- irregular
- pleomorphic
- fine, linear, branching
- amorphous microcalcification
- irregular or jagged edges
-
indeterminate calcification
- amorphous microcalcification
- indistinct, granular microcalcification
-
probably benign
( probably(probably intralobular)- round, smooth
- punctate microcalcifications
- coarse calcification
- lucent centered calcification
- egg shell calcification
- dystrophic calcification
- skin calcification
- large rod like
- milk of calcium
- vascular calcification
- sutural calcification
Distribution
-
probably malignant
- grouped clusters
- segmental distribution
- linear distribution
Size
small calcification ( < 200 micro meter<200 micrometer in diameter) are mostly malignant.
Stability
Calcifications stable for greater than 2 years are in favor of a benign etiology.
Number
The greater the number of microcalcifications in an area, the more suspicious for malignancy. Malignant calcifications tend to occur in clusters of an area ¾1 cm
Multiplicity
Malignancy can be multifocal, hence enitre breast to be screened to rule out multicentric disease.
-<p><a href="/articles/breast-calcifications" title="Breast calcifications">Breast calcifications</a> are relatively frequently found on mammograms and are indicative of focally active process; however about 80% of these processes are benign. Thus ability to distinguish these calcifications based on their morphological characteristics, size, number and distribution is important, and on follow up mammograms the stability of the same should be determined.</p><h6><strong>Morphology</strong></h6><ul>-<li>-<strong>probably malginant </strong>( probably intraductal )<ul>-<li>irregular</li>-<li>pleomorphic</li>-<li>fine, linear, branching </li>-<li>amorphous microcalcification </li>-<li>irregular or jagged edges</li>- +<p><a href="/articles/breast-calcifications">Breast calcifications</a> are relatively frequently found on mammograms and are indicative of focally active process, however about 80% of these processes are benign. Thus ability to distinguish these calcifications based on their morphological characteristics, size, number and distribution is important, and on follow up mammograms the stability of the same should be determined.</p><h6><strong>Morphology</strong></h6><ul>
- +<li>
- +<strong>probably malginant </strong>(probably intraductal)<ul>
- +<li>irregular</li>
- +<li>pleomorphic</li>
- +<li>fine, linear, branching </li>
- +<li>amorphous microcalcification </li>
- +<li>irregular or jagged edges</li>
-</li>-<li>- +</li>
- +<li>
-<li>amorphous microcalcification </li>-<li>indistinct, granular microcalcification</li>- +<li>amorphous microcalcification </li>
- +<li>indistinct, granular microcalcification</li>
-</li>-<li>-<strong>probably benign </strong>( probably intralobular )<ul>-<li>round, smooth </li>-<li>punctate microcalcifications </li>-<li><a href="/articles/coarse-macrocalcifications-within-the-breast" title="Coarse calcification within breast">coarse calcification</a></li>-<li>lucent centered calcification</li>-<li>egg shell calcification</li>-<li>dystrophic calcification </li>-<li><a href="/articles/cutaneous-calcifications-in-breast-imaging" title="Skin calcification : breast">skin calcification</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/large-rod-like-breast-calcification-1" title="Large rod like breast calcification">large rod like</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/milk-of-calcium-within-a-breast-cyst" title="Milk of calcium within breast cysts">milk of calcium</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/vascular-calcification-in-breast" title="Vascular calcification in breast tissue">vascular calcification</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/sutural-calcification-in-breast" title="sutural calcification in breast">sutural calcification</a></li>- +</li>
- +<li>
- +<strong>probably benign </strong>(probably intralobular)<ul>
- +<li>round, smooth </li>
- +<li>punctate microcalcifications </li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/coarse-macrocalcifications-within-the-breast">coarse calcification</a></li>
- +<li>lucent centered calcification</li>
- +<li>egg shell calcification</li>
- +<li>dystrophic calcification </li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/cutaneous-calcifications-in-breast-imaging">skin calcification</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/large-rod-like-breast-calcification-1">large rod like</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/milk-of-calcium-within-a-breast-cyst">milk of calcium</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/vascular-calcification-in-breast">vascular calcification</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/sutural-calcification-in-breast">sutural calcification</a></li>
-</li>-</ul><h6> Distribution</h6><ul><li>- +</li>
- +</ul><h6> Distribution</h6><ul><li>
-<li>grouped clusters </li>-<li>segmental distribution</li>-<li>linear distribution </li>- +<li>grouped clusters </li>
- +<li>segmental distribution</li>
- +<li>linear distribution </li>
-</li></ul><h6>Size</h6><p style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; font-family: Arial, 'helvetica neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 16px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); text-align: justify;">small calcification ( < 200 micro meter in diameter) are mostly malignant.</p><h6>Stability </h6><p style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; font-family: Arial, 'helvetica neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 16px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); text-align: justify;">Calcifications stable for greater than 2 years are in favor of a benign etiology.</p><h6>Number</h6><p style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; font-family: Arial, 'helvetica neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 16px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); text-align: justify;">The greater the number of microcalcifications in an area, the more suspicious for malignancy. Malignant calcifications tend to occur in clusters of an area ¾1 cm</p><h6>Multiplicity</h6><p style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; font-family: Arial, 'helvetica neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 16px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); text-align: justify;">Malignancy can be multifocal, hence enitre breast to be screened to rule out multicentric disease.</p>- +</li></ul><h6>Size</h6><p>small calcification (<200 micrometer in diameter) are mostly malignant.</p><h6>Stability </h6><p>Calcifications stable for greater than 2 years are in favor of a benign etiology.</p><h6>Number</h6><p>The greater the number of microcalcifications in an area, the more suspicious for malignancy. Malignant calcifications tend to occur in clusters of an area ¾1 cm</p><h6>Multiplicity</h6><p>Malignancy can be multifocal, hence enitre breast to be screened to rule out multicentric disease.</p>
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