Bulla lamella

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The bulla lamella is a structure that, when intact, forms the posterior boundary of the frontal recess. When pneumatised, it forms the ethmoid bulla.

Gross anatomy

It is frequently incomplete and often does not reach the roof of the ethmoid at the skull base. Under these circumstances, the frontal recess may communicate directly with the suprabullar and retrobullar recesses ¹.

It has a variable pattern of pneumatisation ~~but~~and, when pneumatized, it ~~forms the~~ ~~ethmoid bulla. It then~~ becomes more difficult to appreciate on imaging~~, but it~~. It usually can be seen when the anterior and posterior wall of the ethmoid bulla fuse superiorly ².

The anterior ~~ethmoid~~ethmoidal artery is usually located 1-2 mm behind the bulla lamella ³.

-The bulla lamella is a structure that, when intact, forms the posterior boundary of the <a title="Frontal recess" href="/articles/frontal-recess">frontal recess</a>. <h4>Gross anatomy</h4>It is frequently incomplete and often does not reach the roof of the <a title="Ethmoid bone" href="/articles/ethmoid-bone-1">ethmoid</a> at the <a title="Skull base" href="/articles/base-of-the-skull">skull base</a>. Under these circumstances, the frontal recess may communicate directly with the <a title="suprabullar recess" href="/articles/suprabullar-recess">suprabullar</a> and <a title="retrobullar recess" href="/articles/retrobullar-recess">retrobullar</a> recesses 1.It has a variable pattern of pneumatisation but when pneumatized, it forms the <a title="ethmoid bulla" href="/articles/ethmoid-bulla">ethmoid bulla</a>. It then becomes more difficult to appreciate on imaging, but it can be seen when the anterior and posterior wall of the ethmoid bulla fuse superiorly 2.The <a title="anterior ethmoid artery" href="/articles/anterior-ethmoid-artery">anterior ethmoid artery</a> is usually located 1-2 mm behind the bulla lamella 3.
+The bulla lamella is a structure that, when intact, forms the posterior boundary of the <a href="/articles/frontal-recess">frontal recess</a>. When pneumatised, it forms the <a href="/articles/ethmoid-bulla">ethmoid bulla</a>.<h4>Gross anatomy</h4>It is frequently incomplete and often does not reach the roof of the <a href="/articles/ethmoid-bone-1">ethmoid</a> at the <a href="/articles/base-of-the-skull">skull base</a>. Under these circumstances, the frontal recess may communicate directly with the <a href="/articles/suprabullar-recess">suprabullar</a> and <a href="/articles/retrobullar-recess">retrobullar</a> recesses 1.It has a variable pattern of pneumatisation and, when pneumatized, it becomes more difficult to appreciate on imaging. It usually can be seen when the anterior and posterior wall of the ethmoid bulla fuse superiorly 2.The <a title="Anterior ethmoidal artery" href="/articles/anterior-ethmoidal-artery">anterior ethmoidal artery</a> is usually located 1-2 mm behind the bulla lamella 3.

References changed:

1. Michael C. Joiner, Albert van der Kogel. Basic Clinical Radiobiology, Fifth Edition. (2016) p. 1333 <a href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?vid=ISBN9780340808931">ISBN: 9780340808931</a>
2. Nicholas Jones. Practical Rhinology. (2010) p.5 <a href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?vid=ISBN9781444108613">ISBN: 9781444108613</a>
3. Wormald PJ. The agger nasi cell: the key to understanding the anatomy of the frontal recess. (2003) Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 129 (5): 497-507. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0194-59980301581-X">doi:10.1016/S0194-59980301581-X</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14595272">Pubmed</a>

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