CA 19-9
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CA 19-9 (carbohydrate antigen 19-9) is a serum antigen (monosialoganglioside) that has increased diagnostic use in the management of several malignancies, mainly of hepato-pancreatico-biliaryhepatopancreaticobiliary origin. It is nonspecificnon-specific, however, and can rise in both malignant and nonmalignantnon-malignant conditions.
Elevation of serum CA 19-9 has been associated with many conditions including the following
-
hepato-pancreatico-biliaryhepatopancreaticobiliary malignancies-
cholangiocarcinoma
- a CA 19-9 of >
; 100;100 U/ml may have a sensitivity of 50% in diagnosing cholangiocarcinoma 3 - when it is elevated with proven malignancy, larger unresectable tumours are generally thought to have higher levels of elevation
- a CA 19-9 of >
-
pancreatic adenocarcinoma
- with an upper limit of normal at 37 U/ml, the assays overall sensitivity is approximately 80% and its specificity is 90% for pancreatic adenocarcinoma 1
- when it is elevated with proven malignancy, larger unresectable tumours are generally thought to have higher levels of elevation 5
-
cholangiocarcinoma
- other malignancies
- colorectal carcinoma
- gastric carcinoma ref required
-
nonmalignantnon-malignant hepatopancreaticobiliary conditions 4: the increase in generally considered to be small-
nonmalignantacute and chronic pancreatitis - cholecystitis
- cirrhosis
- chronic and alcoholic hepatitis
- acute hepatic necrosis
- gallstones
- non-malignant obstructive jaundice: usually should go down after relief of obstruction unless there is an associated malignancy 7
-
- non-hepatopancreaticobiliary conditions:
- heavy tea consumption 6
- idiopathic with no definite cause found 4
See other tumour markers here.
History and etymology
It was initially discovered by H Koprowski and co-workers in 1980 in associated with colon and pancreatic cancer 9.
-<p><strong>CA 19-9</strong> is a serum antigen (monosialoganglioside) that has increased diagnostic use in the management of several malignancies, mainly of hepato-pancreatico-biliary origin. It is nonspecific, however, and can rise in both malignant and nonmalignant conditions.</p><p>Elevation of serum CA 19-9 has been associated with many conditions including the following</p><ul>-<li>hepato-pancreatico-biliary malignancies<ul>- +<p><strong>CA 19-9</strong> (carbohydrate antigen 19-9) is a serum antigen (monosialoganglioside) that has increased diagnostic use in the management of several malignancies, mainly of hepatopancreaticobiliary origin. It is non-specific, however, and can rise in both malignant and non-malignant conditions.</p><p>Elevation of serum CA 19-9 has been associated with many conditions including the following</p><ul>
- +<li>hepatopancreaticobiliary malignancies<ul>
-<li>a CA 19-9 of > 100 U/ml may have a sensitivity of 50% in diagnosing cholangiocarcinoma <sup>3</sup>- +<li>a CA 19-9 of >100 U/ml may have a sensitivity of 50% in diagnosing cholangiocarcinoma <sup>3</sup>
-<li>nonmalignant conditions <sup>4</sup>: the increase in generally considered to be small<ul>-<li>nonmalignant <a href="/articles/jaundice">obstructive jaundice</a>: usually should go down after relief of obstruction unless there is an associated malignancy<sup> 7 </sup>- +<li>non-malignant hepatopancreaticobiliary conditions <sup>4</sup>: the increase in generally considered to be small<ul>
- +<li>
- +<a title="Acute pancreatitis" href="/articles/acute-pancreatitis">acute </a>and <a title="Chronic pancreatitis" href="/articles/chronic-pancreatitis-2">chronic pancreatitis</a>
-<li>heavy tea consumption<sup> 6</sup>- +<li><a title="Cholecystitis" href="/articles/cholecystitis">cholecystitis</a></li>
- +<li><a title="Cirrhosis" href="/articles/cirrhosis">cirrhosis</a></li>
- +<li>chronic and alcoholic hepatitis</li>
- +<li>acute hepatic necrosis</li>
- +<li><a title="Gallstones" href="/articles/gallstones-1">gallstones</a></li>
- +<li>non-malignant <a href="/articles/jaundice">obstructive jaundice</a>: usually should go down after relief of obstruction unless there is an associated malignancy<sup> 7 </sup>
-<li>idiopathic with no definite cause found <sup>4</sup>- +</ul>
- +<li>non-hepatopancreaticobiliary conditions:<ul>
- +<li>lung disorders (<a title="Cystic fibrosis" href="/articles/cystic-fibrosis">cystic fibrosis</a>, <a title="Pneumonia" href="/articles/pneumonia">pneumonia</a>, <a title="Tuberculosis" href="/articles/tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, <a title="Pleural effusion" href="/articles/pleural-effusion">pleural effusion</a>)</li>
- +<li><a title="Pelvic inflammatory disease" href="/articles/pelvic-inflammatory-disease">pelvic inflammatory disease</a></li>
- +<li><a title="Hashimoto thyroiditis" href="/articles/hashimoto-thyroiditis">Hashimoto thyroiditis</a></li>
- +<li><a title="Rheumatoid arthritis" href="/articles/rheumatoid-arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a></li>
- +<li><a title="Chronic renal failure" href="/articles/chronic-kidney-disease">renal failure</a></li>
- +<li><a title="Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)" href="/articles/systemic-lupus-erythematosus">systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)</a></li>
-</ul><p>See other tumour markers <a href="/articles/tumour-markers">here</a>.</p><h4>History and etymology</h4><p>It was initially discovered by<strong> H Koprowski</strong> and co-workers in 1980 in associated with colon and pancreatic cancer <sup>9</sup>.</p>- +<li><ul>
- +<li>heavy tea consumption<sup> 6</sup>
- +</li>
- +<li>idiopathic with no definite cause found <sup>4</sup>
- +</li>
- +</ul></li>
- +</ul><p>See other tumour markers <a href="/articles/tumour-markers">here</a>.</p><h4>History and etymology</h4><p>It was initially discovered by<strong> H Koprowski</strong> and co-workers in 1980 associated with colon and pancreatic cancer <sup>9</sup>.</p>
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