Calcaneal inclination angle
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The calcaneal inclination angle, (alsoalso known as the calcaneal pitch), is drawnuseful in assessing medial arch height.
Measurement
This angle is formed on a weight-bearing lateral foot radiograph between the calcaneal inclination axis (i.e. most inferior part of the calcaneus) and the supporting horizontal surface.
Interpretation
It is a measurement that reflects the height of the foot framework, but is affected by abnormal pronation or supination of the foot:
- low: 10-20° - indicative of pes planus when <18°
- medium: 20-30° - i.e. normal
- high: ≥30° - indicative of pes cavus
-<p>The <strong>calcaneal inclination angle</strong> (also known as the <strong>calcaneal pitch</strong>) is drawn on a <a href="/articles/foot-weightbearing-lateral-view">weight-bearing lateral foot radiograph</a> between the <a href="/articles/calcaneal-inclination-axis">calcaneal inclination axis</a> and the supporting horizontal surface.</p><h4>Interpretation</h4><p>It is a measurement that reflects the height of the foot framework, but is affected by abnormal pronation or supination of the foot:</p><ul>- +<p>The <strong>calcaneal inclination angle</strong>,<strong> </strong>also known as the <strong>calcaneal pitch</strong>, is useful in assessing medial arch height. </p><h4>Measurement</h4><p>This angle is formed on a <a href="/articles/foot-weightbearing-lateral-view">weight-bearing lateral foot radiograph</a> between the <a href="/articles/calcaneal-inclination-axis">calcaneal inclination axis</a> (i.e. most inferior part of the <a title="Calcaneus" href="/articles/calcaneus">calcaneus</a>) and the supporting horizontal surface.</p><h4>Interpretation</h4><p>It is a measurement that reflects the height of the foot framework, but is affected by abnormal pronation or supination of the foot:</p><ul>
References changed:
- 1. Ben Yates. Merriman's Assessment of the Lower Limb. (2009) ISBN: 9780080451077 - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9780080451077">Google Books</a>
- 2. Flores D, Mejía Gómez C, Fernández Hernando M, Davis M, Pathria M. Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity: Anatomy, Biomechanics, Staging, and Imaging Findings. Radiographics. 2019;39(5):1437-60. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2019190046">doi:10.1148/rg.2019190046</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31498747">Pubmed</a>
- 3. Lau B, Allahabadi S, Palanca A, Oji D. Understanding Radiographic Measurements Used in Foot and Ankle Surgery. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2021;30(2):e139-54. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5435/jaaos-d-20-00189">doi:10.5435/jaaos-d-20-00189</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34768261">Pubmed</a>
- 1. Yates B. Merriman's Assessment of the Lower Limb. Churchill Livingstone. (2009) ISBN:0080451071. <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0080451071">Read it at Google Books</a> - <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0080451071">Find it at Amazon</a><span class="ref_v3"></span>
- 2. Dyan V. Flores, Catalina Mejía Gómez, Moisés Fernández Hernando, Michael A. Davis, Mini N. Pathria. Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity: Anatomy, Biomechanics, Staging, and Imaging Findings. (2019) RadioGraphics. 39 (5): 1437-1460. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2019190046">doi:10.1148/rg.2019190046</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31498747">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
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