Cardiac conduction devices
Updates to Article Attributes
Cardiac pacemakers,also known aspermanent pacemakers (PPM), are composed of two main elements:
- a pulse generator
- lead wires with electrodes for contact with the endocardium or myocardium
The pacemaker generator (battery pack and control unit) is most commonly placed in the infraclavicular area.
There a number of categories depending on the number electrodes and location of pacing:
- single chamber cardiac pacers: lead terminates in right ventricle
-
dual chamber cardiac pacers:
leadsleads terminate in right atrial appendage and right ventricular apex - percutaneous biventricular pacers: a normal dual chamber system with an additional lead that is introduced along the coronary sinus and wedged in a left ventricular cardiac vein overlying the left ventricle
-
epicardial biventricular pacers: epicardial wires are usually placed during cardiac surgery and tend to be placed over the left ventricular apex,
rightright atrial appendage and right ventricular apex
Automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillators (AICD or ICD) are common cardiac devices that are designed for both patient monitoring and therapy in case of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation.
AICDs consist of various combinations of sensing and shocking electrodes. They are frequently combined with a pacemaker as a bundled system for the patient, treating both the patient’s established arrhythmia and also acting as a fail-safe system should ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia occur.
-<p><strong>Cardiac pacemakers</strong>,<strong> </strong>also known as <strong>permanent pacemakers (PPM)</strong>, are composed of two main elements:</p><ol>- +<p><strong>Cardiac pacemakers</strong>,<strong> </strong>also known as <strong>permanent pacemakers (PPM)</strong>, are composed of two main elements:</p><ol>
-<a href="/articles/dual-chamber-cardiac-pacers">dual chamber cardiac pacers</a>: leads terminate in right atrial appendage and right ventricular apex</li>- +<a href="/articles/dual-chamber-cardiac-pacers">dual chamber cardiac pacers</a>: leads terminate in right atrial appendage and right ventricular apex</li>
-<a href="/articles/epicardial-biventricular-pacers">epicardial biventricular pacers</a>: epicardial wires are usually placed during cardiac surgery and tend to be placed over the left ventricular apex, right atrial appendage and right ventricular apex</li>- +<a href="/articles/epicardial-biventricular-pacers">epicardial biventricular pacers</a>: epicardial wires are usually placed during cardiac surgery and tend to be placed over the left ventricular apex, right atrial appendage and right ventricular apex</li>
Image 12 X-ray (Frontal - expiratory) ( create )
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