Cervical polyp
Updates to Article Attributes
Cervical polyps are polypoid growths projecting into the cervical canal. They can be one of the most common causes of intermenstrual vaginal bleeding.
Epidemiology
Most patients are perimenopausal at the time of presentation, especially in the 5th decade of life. They are the most common mass lesion of the cervix, with a reported prevalence of 1.5-10%
Clinical presentation
More than half of cases are asymptomatic. Symptoms can include menorrhagia, postmenopausal bleeding, contact bleeding, and vaginal discharge. The diagnosis is made primarily with hysteroscopy.
Pathology
Histologically, cervical polypoid lesions encompass a spectrum of pathologic entities which include endocervical or endometrial tissue with metaplasia.
The polyps are usually pedunculated, often with a slender pedicle of varying length, but some can be sessile.
Associations
Approximately 25% of patients may also have a co-existing endometrial polyp 2.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
sessile or pedunculated well-circumscribed masses within the endocervical canal
may be hypoechoic or echogenic
identifying the stalk attaching to the cervical wall helps differentiate it from an endometrial polyp
Complications
Can progress into carcinoma of the cervix in ~0.1% of cases.
Treatment and prognosis
Surgical removal is often the treatment of choice although some suggest initial monitoring for small polyps 7. Recurrence is rare.
Differential diagnosis
For a polypoid lesion within the cervical canal consider:
pedunculated uterine leiomyoma protruding through the cervical canal
endometrial polyp protruding through the cervical canal
See also
-<p><strong>Cervical polyps</strong> are polypoid growths projecting into the cervical canal. They can be one of the most common causes of intermenstrual vaginal bleeding. </p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>Most patients are perimenopausal at the time of presentation, especially in the 5<sup>th</sup> decade of life. They are the most common mass lesion of the cervix, with a reported prevalence of 1.5-10% </p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>More than half of cases are asymptomatic. Symptoms can include menorrhagia, postmenopausal bleeding, contact bleeding, and vaginal discharge. The diagnosis is made primarily with hysteroscopy.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>Histologically, cervical polypoid lesions encompass a spectrum of pathologic entities which include endocervical or endometrial tissue with metaplasia.</p><p>The polyps are usually pedunculated, often with a slender pedicle of varying length, but some can be sessile.</p><h5>Associations</h5><p>Approximately 25% of patients may also have a co-existing <a href="/articles/endometrial-polyp">endometrial polyp</a> <sup>2</sup>.</p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><h5>Ultrasound</h5><ul>-<li><p>sessile or pedunculated well-circumscribed masses within the endocervical canal</p></li>-<li><p>may be hypoechoic or echogenic </p></li>-<li><p>identifying the stalk attaching to the cervical wall helps differentiate it from an endometrial polyp</p></li>-</ul><h4>Complications</h4><p>Can progress into <a href="/articles/carcinoma-of-the-cervix">carcinoma of the cervix</a> in ~0.1% of cases.</p><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>Surgical removal is often the treatment of choice although some suggest initial monitoring for small polyps<sup> 7</sup>. Recurrence is rare.</p><h4>Differential diagnosis</h4><p>For a <strong>polypoid lesion within the cervical canal</strong> consider:</p><ul>-<li><p>pedunculated <a href="/articles/uterine-leiomyoma">uterine leiomyoma</a> protruding through the cervical canal</p></li>-<li><p><a href="/articles/endometrial-polyp">endometrial polyp</a> protruding through the cervical canal</p></li>-<li><p><a href="/articles/carcinoma-of-the-cervix">cervical cancer </a><sup>8</sup></p></li>-<li><p><a href="/articles/endometriosis">endometriosis</a></p></li>-<li><p><a href="/articles/intrauterine-blood-clot-1">intrauterine blood clot</a> </p></li>- +<p><strong>Cervical polyps</strong> are polypoid growths projecting into the cervical canal. They can be one of the most common causes of intermenstrual vaginal bleeding. </p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>Most patients are perimenopausal at the time of presentation, especially in the 5<sup>th</sup> decade of life. They are the most common mass lesion of the cervix, with a reported prevalence of 1.5-10% </p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>More than half of cases are asymptomatic. Symptoms can include menorrhagia, postmenopausal bleeding, contact bleeding, and vaginal discharge. The diagnosis is made primarily with hysteroscopy.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>Histologically, cervical polypoid lesions encompass a spectrum of pathologic entities which include endocervical or endometrial tissue with metaplasia.</p><p>The polyps are usually pedunculated, often with a slender pedicle of varying length, but some can be sessile.</p><h5>Associations</h5><p>Approximately 25% of patients may also have a co-existing <a href="/articles/endometrial-polyp">endometrial polyp</a> <sup>2</sup>.</p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><h5>Ultrasound</h5><ul>
- +<li><p>sessile or pedunculated well-circumscribed masses within the endocervical canal</p></li>
- +<li><p>may be hypoechoic or echogenic </p></li>
- +<li><p>identifying the stalk attaching to the cervical wall helps differentiate it from an endometrial polyp</p></li>
- +</ul><h4>Complications</h4><p>Can progress into <a href="/articles/cervical-carcinoma-1">carcinoma of the cervix</a> in ~0.1% of cases.</p><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>Surgical removal is often the treatment of choice although some suggest initial monitoring for small polyps<sup> 7</sup>. Recurrence is rare.</p><h4>Differential diagnosis</h4><p>For a <strong>polypoid lesion within the cervical canal</strong> consider:</p><ul>
- +<li><p>pedunculated <a href="/articles/uterine-leiomyoma">uterine leiomyoma</a> protruding through the cervical canal</p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/endometrial-polyp">endometrial polyp</a> protruding through the cervical canal</p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/carcinoma-of-the-cervix">cervical cancer </a><sup>8</sup></p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/endometriosis">endometriosis</a></p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/intrauterine-blood-clot-1">intrauterine blood clot</a> </p></li>
Image 3 MRI (T2) ( create )
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