Chest radiograph
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The chest radio graphradiograph (CXR) is the most ubiquitous radiological investigation.
The standard is a 2-view series and is performed standing and in full inspiration:
- PA frontal: with the shoulders abducted and flexed (arms over or 'hugging' the grid)
-
Lateral-viewlateral view
Other forms of the CXR are performed in a variety of clinical scenarios, usually if the patient is not able to tolerate a standing PA radio-graph:
- AP erect: sitting up on the bed
- AP semi-erect
- supine: usually for trauma and ICU patients
- mobile: performed outside the radiology department, by a mobile X-ray unit
- lateral decubitus: for pneumothorax or gas trapping due to inhaled foreign bodies
- frontal expiration: for pneumothorax and gas trapping due to inhaled foreign bodies
The phase of respiration has a profound effect on the appearance of several structures in the CXR (see case 3 inspiration and case 4 expiration in the same patient). A poor-inspiratory frontal radiograph can mimic pathology. Structures that can appear different on expiration include:
- heart size
- mediastinal contours and width
- lung inflation
- diaphragm contours
-<p>The <strong>chest radio graph (CXR)</strong> is the most ubiquitous radiological investigation.</p><p>The standard is a 2-view series and is performed standing and in full inspiration:</p><ul><li>-<a href="/articles/chest-pa-view">PA frontal</a>: with the shoulders abducted and flexed (arms over or 'hugging' the grid) </li></ul><p> </p><ul><li>Lateral-view</li></ul><p>Other forms of the CXR are performed in a variety of clinical scenarios, usually if the patient is not able to tolerate a standing PA radio-graph:</p><ul>- +<p>The <strong>chest radiograph (CXR)</strong> is the most ubiquitous radiological investigation.</p><p>The standard is a 2-view series and is performed standing and in full inspiration:</p><ul>
- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/chest-pa-view">PA frontal</a>: with the shoulders abducted and flexed (arms over or 'hugging' the grid) </li>
- +<li>lateral view</li>
- +</ul><p>Other forms of the CXR are performed in a variety of clinical scenarios, usually if the patient is not able to tolerate a standing PA radio-graph:</p><ul>
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