Cochlear duct

Changed by Hamish Smith, 19 Jun 2018

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Cochlear ~~Duct (Scala media)~~duct

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Thecochlear duct (also known as the scala media) is housed centrally in the cochlea which is part of the inner ear ~~is comprised of~~along with the vestibular apparatus ~~and~~ ~~cochlea~~ ^1,4. The cochlea is located in the bony labyrinth, which is found in the temporal bone ². ~~The~~ ~~cochlear duct~~~~(scala media)~~ ~~is housed centrally in the~~ ~~cochlea~~ ⁴.

Gross anatomy

The cochlear duct ~~(scala media)~~ is a cavity filled with endolymph and is a component of the membranous labyrinth of the ear ⁴. It is held in position by the lamina of modiulus ¹.The cochlear duct starts at the saccule (ear) and ends blindly at the apex of the cochlea. ~~The~~ The cochlear duct subdivides the bony labyrinth into two perilymph chambers, namely the scala vestibuli anteriorly (opens into the vestibule) and the scala tympani posterioly (ends at the round window) ¹.The Organ of Corti, the sensory organ for hearing, lies within the cochlear duct ².The cochlear duct is described as being triangular in shape and has ^1,4:

~~Outer~~
outer wall
~~– Consists~~: consists of thickened periosteum, known as the spiral ligament.
~~Roof~~
roof (vestibular membrane)
–: separates the cochlear duct from the scala vestibuli.
~~Floor~~ –
floor: separates the cochlear duct from the scala tympani. It also consists of the lamina modiolus and basilar membrane, which supports the Organ of Corti.

Arterial supply

The arterial supply of the cochlear duct is from the proper cochlear artery (main cochlear artery), a subdivision of the common cochlear artery which is a branch of the labyrinthine artery (the auditory artery or internal auditory artery) ^2,4.Adequate blood supply is crucial for auditory transduction and therefore the function of the cochlea ².

Venous Drainagedrainage

Venous drainage of the cochlear duct occurs through the cochlear veins and vestibular veins ⁴. These merge and form the labyrinthine vein, which drains either into the sigmoid sinus or the inferior petrosal sinus ^2,4.

Innervation

The cochlear nerve is one branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve ~~(Never~~(cranial nerve VIII) which innervates the cochlear duct ^1,4.

Radiographic features

The cochlear duct is a structure of the membranous labyrinth that cannot be distinguished on high-resolution CT or MRI as it that is too small, but sits central area of the cochlea ³.

Related pathology

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-</xml><![endif]-->The inner ear is comprised of the vestibular apparatus and <a href="/articles/cochlea">cochlea </a>1. The cochlea is located in the <a title="bony labyrinth" href="/articles/bony-labyrinth">bony labyrinth</a>, which is found in the <a title="Temporal bone" href="/articles/temporal-bone-1">temporal bone</a> 2. The cochlear duct (scala media) is housed centrally in the <a href="/articles/cochlea">cochlea </a>4.Gross anatomy The cochlear duct (scala media) is a cavity filled with endolymph and is a component of the <a title="membranous labyrinth" href="/articles/membranous-labyrinth">membranous labyrinth</a> of the ear 4. It is held in position by the lamina of modiulus 1. The cochlear duct starts at the <a href="/articles/saccule-ear">saccule (ear)</a> and ends blindly at the apex of the <a href="/articles/cochlea">cochlea</a>. The cochlear duct subdivides the <a title="bony labyrinth" href="/articles/bony-labyrinth">bony labyrinth</a> into two perilymph chambers, namely the <a href="/articles/scala-vestibuli">scala vestibuli</a> anteriorly (opens into the vestibule) and the <a href="/articles/scala-tympani">scala tympani</a> posterioly (ends at the round window) 1. The <a href="/articles/organ-of-corti">Organ of Corti</a>, the sensory organ for hearing, lies within the cochlear duct 2. The cochlear duct is described as being triangular in shape and has 1,4: <ul>
+The cochlear duct (also known as the scala media) is housed centrally in the <a href="/articles/cochlea">cochlea</a> which is part of the inner ear along with the vestibular apparatus 1,4. The cochlea is located in the <a href="/articles/bony-labyrinth">bony labyrinth</a>, which is found in the <a href="/articles/temporal-bone-1">temporal bone</a> 2.<h4>Gross anatomy</h4>The cochlear duct is a cavity filled with endolymph and is a component of the <a href="/articles/membranous-labyrinth">membranous labyrinth</a> of the ear 4. It is held in position by the lamina of modiulus 1. The cochlear duct starts at the <a href="/articles/saccule-ear">saccule (ear)</a> and ends blindly at the apex of the <a href="/articles/cochlea">cochlea</a>. The cochlear duct subdivides the <a href="/articles/bony-labyrinth">bony labyrinth</a> into two perilymph chambers, namely the <a href="/articles/scala-vestibuli">scala vestibuli</a> anteriorly (opens into the vestibule) and the <a href="/articles/scala-tympani">scala tympani</a> posterioly (ends at the round window) 1. The <a href="/articles/organ-of-corti">Organ of Corti</a>, the sensory organ for hearing, lies within the cochlear duct 2. The cochlear duct is described as being triangular in shape and has 1,4: <ul>
+<li>outer wall: consists of thickened periosteum, known as the spiral ligament.</li>
+<li>roof (vestibular membrane): separates the cochlear duct from the <a href="/articles/scala-vestibuli">scala vestibuli</a>.</li>
+<li>floor: separates the cochlear duct from the <a href="/articles/scala-tympani">scala tympani</a>. It also consists of the lamina modiolus and basilar membrane, which supports the <a href="/articles/organ-of-corti">Organ of Corti</a>.</li>
+</ul><h4>Arterial supply</h4>The arterial supply of the cochlear duct is from the <a href="/articles/proper-cochlear-artery">proper cochlear artery</a> (main cochlear artery), a subdivision of the common cochlear artery which is a branch of the <a href="/articles/labyrinthine-artery">labyrinthine artery</a> (the auditory artery or internal auditory artery) 2,4. Adequate blood supply is crucial for auditory transduction and therefore the function of the cochlea 2.<h4>Venous drainage</h4>Venous drainage of the cochlear duct occurs through the cochlear veins and vestibular veins 4. These merge and form the labyrinthine vein, which drains either into the <a href="/articles/sigmoid-sinus">sigmoid sinus</a> or the <a href="/articles/inferior-petrosal-sinus">inferior petrosal sinus</a> 2,4.<h4>Innervation</h4>The cochlear nerve is one branch of the <a href="/articles/vestibulocochlear-nerve">vestibulocochlear nerve</a> (cranial nerve VIII) which innervates the cochlear duct 1,4.<h4>Radiographic features</h4>The cochlear duct is a structure of the membranous labyrinth that cannot be distinguished on high-resolution CT or MRI as it that is too small, but sits central area of the cochlea 3.<h4>Related pathology</h4><ul>
+<li><a href="/articles/cochlear-anomalies-classification">cochlear anomalies (classification)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/cochlear-implant">cochlear implant</a></li>
+</ul><h4>See also</h4><ul>
+<li><a href="/articles/scala-media">scala media</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/cochlea">cochlea</a></li>
~~-Outer wall – Consists of thickened periosteum, known as the spiral ligament.</li>~~
~~-<li>~~
~~-Roof (vestibular membrane) – separates the cochlear duct from the <a title="Scala vestibuli" href="/articles/scala-vestibuli">scala vestibuli</a>.</li>~~
~~-<li>~~
-Floor – separates the cochlear duct from the <a title="Scala tympani" href="/articles/scala-tympani">scala tympani</a>. It also consists of the lamina modiolus and basilar membrane, which supports the <a title="Organ of Corti" href="/articles/organ-of-corti">Organ of Corti</a>.</li>
-</ul>Arterial supply The arterial supply of the cochlear duct is from the <a title="proper cochlear artery" href="/articles/proper-cochlear-artery">proper cochlear artery</a> (main cochlear artery), a subdivision of the common cochlear artery which is a branch of the <a title="Labyrinthine artery" href="/articles/labyrinthine-artery">labyrinthine artery</a> (the auditory artery or internal auditory artery) 2,4. Adequate blood supply is crucial for auditory transduction and therefore the function of the cochlea 2. Venous Drainage Venous drainage of the cochlear duct occurs through the cochlear veins and vestibular veins 4. These merge and form the labyrinthine vein, which drains either into the <a title="Sigmoid sinus" href="/articles/sigmoid-sinus">sigmoid sinus</a> or the <a title="Inferior petrosal sinus" href="/articles/inferior-petrosal-sinus">inferior petrosal sinus</a> 2,4. Innervation The cochlear nerve is one branch of the <a href="/articles/vestibulocochlear-nerve">vestibulocochlear nerve</a> (Never VIII) which innervates the cochlear duct 1,4. Radiographic features The cochlear duct is a structure of the membranous labyrinth that cannot be distinguished on high-resolution CT or MRI as it that is too small, but sits central area of the cochlea 3. Related pathology <a href="/articles/cochlear-anomalies-classification">cochlear anomalies (classification)</a><a href="/articles/cochlear-implant">cochlear implant</a>See also<a href="/articles/scala-media">Scala Media </a><a href="/articles/cochlea">Cochlea</a><a href="/articles/inner-ear">Inner Ear </a>
+<a href="/articles/inner-ear">inner ear</a> </li>
+</ul>

References changed:

1. Annerie M. A. van der Jagt, Randy K. Kalkman, Jeroen J. Briaire, Berit M. Verbist, Johan H. M. Frijns. Variations in cochlear duct shape revealed on clinical CT images with an automatic tracing method. Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 17566. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-16126-6">doi:10.1038/s41598-017-16126-6</a>
2. Shi X. Physiopathology of the cochlear microcirculation. (2011) Hearing research. 282 (1-2): 10-24. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2011.08.006">doi:10.1016/j.heares.2011.08.006</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21875658">Pubmed</a>
3. Juliano AF, Ginat DT, Moonis G. Imaging review of the temporal bone: part I. Anatomy and inflammatory and neoplastic processes. (2013) Radiology. 269 (1): 17-33. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.13120733">doi:10.1148/radiol.13120733</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24062560">Pubmed</a>
4. Richard Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell. Gray's Basic Anatomy. (2016) <a href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?vid=ISBN9780323508506">ISBN: 9780323508506</a>
Annerie M. A. van der Jagt, Randy K. Kalkman, Jeroen J. Briaire, Berit M. Verbist, Johan H. M. Frijns. Variations in cochlear duct shape revealed on clinical CT images with an automatic tracing method. Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 17566. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-16126-6">doi:10.1038/s41598-017-16126-6</a>
Shi X. Physiopathology of the cochlear microcirculation. (2011) Hearing research. 282 (1-2): 10-24. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2011.08.006">doi:10.1016/j.heares.2011.08.006</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21875658">Pubmed</a>
Juliano AF, Ginat DT. Imaging Review of the Temporal Bone: Part I. Anatomy and Inflammatory and Neoplastic Processes. Radiology. 2013:269(1);17-33 Online article (free access) - PDF
Richard Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell. Gray's Basic Anatomy. (2016) <a href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?vid=ISBN9780323508506">ISBN: 9780323508506</a>