Coronary arteries

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The coronary arteries ~~arise~~is from the coronary sinuses immediately distal (superior) to the aortic valve and supply the myocardium with oxygenated blood. They branch and encircle the heart to cover its surface with a lacy network resembling perhaps a slightly crooked crown.

Gross anatomy

The typical configuration consists of two coronary arteries, a left coronary artery (LMCA) and a right coronary artery (RCA), arising from the left and right aortic or coronary sinuses respectively, in the proximal ascending aorta. These are the only two branches of the ascending aorta.

The right coronary artery courses in the right atrioventricular groove to the inferior surface of the heart, whereupon it turns anteriorly at the crux as the p osterior descending artery (PDA) in right dominant circulation.

The left coronary artery has a short common stem (and is hence often referred to as the left main coronary artery), that bifurcates into the left circumflex artery (LCx), which courses over the left atrioventricular groove, and the left anterior descending artery (LAD), which passes towards the apex in the anterior interventricular groove. Occasionally there is a trifurcation (in ~15%), with the third branch, the ramus intermedius, arising in between the LAD and LCx. In left dominant hearts, the LCx supplies the p osterior descending artery (PDA).

Branches

left coronary artery
- left anterior descending artery (LAD)
  - diagonal branches (D1, 2, etc)
  - septal perforators (S1, 2, etc)
- circumflex artery (LCx) / ramus circumflex
  - obtuse marginal branches (OM1, 2, etc)
- ramus intermedius artery (RI)
right coronary artery (RCA)
- conus artery
- SA nodal artery
- sinotubular artery
- acute marginal branches (A1 or AM1, 2, etc)
- inferior interventricular artery (PDA)

Coronary dominance

Most hearts are right dominant where the PDA is supplied by the RCA. However, up to 20% of hearts may be left dominant, where the PDA is supplied by the LAD or LCx, or codominant, where a single or duplicated PDA is supplied by branches of both the RCA and LAD/LCx.

For a more in-depth discussion of coronary dominance, see the article coronary arterial dominance.

Variant anatomy

Although there are variations (see main article: congenital coronary artery anomalies), the anatomy is relatively consistent.

History and etymology

Coronary comes from the Latin "coronarius", meaning belonging to a crown or wreath.

-<p>The <strong>coronary arteries</strong> arise from the coronary sinuses immediately distal (superior) to the <a href="/articles/aortic-valve">aortic valve</a> and supply the <a href="/articles/heart">myocardium</a> with oxygenated blood. They branch and encircle the heart to cover its surface with a lacy network resembling perhaps a slightly crooked crown.</p><h4>Gross anatomy</h4><p>The typical configuration consists of two coronary arteries, a <a href="/articles/left-main-coronary-artery-1">left coronary artery</a> (LMCA) and a <a href="/articles/right-coronary-artery">right coronary artery</a> (RCA), arising from the left and right <a href="/articles/aortic-sinuses">aortic or coronary sinuses</a> respectively, in the proximal ascending aorta. These are the only two branches of the ascending aorta.</p><p>The right coronary artery courses in the right atrioventricular groove to the inferior surface of the heart, whereupon it turns anteriorly at the crux as the <a href="/articles/inferior-interventricular-artery">p</a><a href="/articles/inferior-interventricular-artery">osterior descending artery</a> (PDA) in right dominant circulation.</p><p>The left coronary artery has a short common stem (and is hence often referred to as the left main coronary artery), that bifurcates into the <a href="/articles/left-circumflex-artery-lcx">left circumflex artery</a> (LCx), which courses over the left atrioventricular groove, and the <a href="/articles/left-anterior-descending-artery">left anterior descending artery</a> (LAD), which passes towards the apex in the anterior interventricular groove. Occasionally there is a trifurcation (in ~15%), with the third branch, the <a href="/articles/ramus-intermedius-artery">ramus intermedius</a>, arising in between the LAD and LCx. In left dominant hearts, the LCx supplies the <a href="/articles/inferior-interventricular-artery">p</a><a href="/articles/inferior-interventricular-artery">osterior descending artery</a> (PDA).</p><h5>Branches</h5><ul>
+<p>The <strong>coronary arteries</strong> is from the coronary sinuses immediately distal (superior) to the <a href="/articles/aortic-valve">aortic valve</a> and supply the <a href="/articles/heart">myocardium</a> with oxygenated blood. They branch and encircle the heart to cover its surface with a lacy network resembling perhaps a slightly crooked crown.</p><h4>Gross anatomy</h4><p>The typical configuration consists of two coronary arteries, a <a href="/articles/left-main-coronary-artery-1">left coronary artery</a> (LMCA) and a <a href="/articles/right-coronary-artery">right coronary artery</a> (RCA), arising from the left and right <a href="/articles/aortic-sinuses">aortic or coronary sinuses</a> respectively, in the proximal ascending aorta. These are the only two branches of the ascending aorta.</p><p>The right coronary artery courses in the right atrioventricular groove to the inferior surface of the heart, whereupon it turns anteriorly at the crux as the <a href="/articles/inferior-interventricular-artery">p</a><a href="/articles/inferior-interventricular-artery">osterior descending artery</a> (PDA) in right dominant circulation.</p><p>The left coronary artery has a short common stem (and is hence often referred to as the left main coronary artery), that bifurcates into the <a href="/articles/left-circumflex-artery-lcx">left circumflex artery</a> (LCx), which courses over the left atrioventricular groove, and the <a href="/articles/left-anterior-descending-artery">left anterior descending artery</a> (LAD), which passes towards the apex in the anterior interventricular groove. Occasionally there is a trifurcation (in ~15%), with the third branch, the <a href="/articles/ramus-intermedius-artery">ramus intermedius</a>, arising in between the LAD and LCx. In left dominant hearts, the LCx supplies the <a href="/articles/inferior-interventricular-artery">p</a><a href="/articles/inferior-interventricular-artery">osterior descending artery</a> (PDA).</p><h5>Branches</h5><ul>
-</ul><h4>Coronary dominance</h4><p>Most hearts are <em>right dominant</em> where the PDA is supplied by the RCA. However, up to 20% of hearts may be <em>left dominant</em>, where the PDA is supplied by the LAD or LCx, or <em>codominant</em>, where a single or duplicated PDA is supplied by branches of both the RCA and LAD/LCx.</p><p>For a more in-depth discussion of coronary dominance, see the article <a title="Coronary arterial dominance" href="/articles/coronary-arterial-dominance">coronary arterial dominance</a>.</p><h4>Variant anatomy</h4><p>Although there are variations (see main article: <a href="/articles/congenital-coronary-artery-anomalies">congenital coronary artery anomalies</a>), the anatomy is relatively consistent. </p><h4>History and etymology</h4><p>Coronary comes from the Latin "coronarius", meaning belonging to a crown or wreath.</p>
+</ul><h4>Coronary dominance</h4><p>Most hearts are <em>right dominant</em> where the PDA is supplied by the RCA. However, up to 20% of hearts may be <em>left dominant</em>, where the PDA is supplied by the LAD or LCx, or <em>codominant</em>, where a single or duplicated PDA is supplied by branches of both the RCA and LAD/LCx.</p><p>For a more in-depth discussion of coronary dominance, see the article <a href="/articles/coronary-arterial-dominance">coronary arterial dominance</a>.</p><h4>Variant anatomy</h4><p>Although there are variations (see main article: <a href="/articles/congenital-coronary-artery-anomalies">congenital coronary artery anomalies</a>), the anatomy is relatively consistent. </p><h4>History and etymology</h4><p>Coronary comes from the Latin "coronarius", meaning belonging to a crown or wreath.</p>

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