Disseminated histoplasmosis
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- updated 13 Jan 2023:
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Disseminated histoplasmosis, also known as progressive disseminated histoplasmosis, is a severe form of histoplasmosis infection typically seen in immunosuppresedimmunosuppressed patients, especially in the setting of HIV infection with less than 150 cells/μL CD4. It results from haematogeneous dissemination of the infection that can involve, involving multiple organs and systems and associatesassociating a high mortality1.
Terminology
Although it is sometimes referred as extrapulmonary histoplasmosis, lung involvement is one of the commonest manifestations of this condition2.
Epidemiology
Dissemination of the disease is fairly uncommon and may occur in 1 in 2000 acute infections3.
Risk factors
HIV infection, especially with less than 150 cells/μL CD41,4
Immunosuppressive medications
Biologic agents (infliximab, etanercept)3
-<p><strong>Disseminated histoplasmosis</strong>, also known as<strong> progressive disseminated histoplasmosis</strong>, is a severe form of <a href="/articles/histoplasmosis" title="Histoplasmosis">histoplasmosis infection</a> typically seen in immunosuppresed patients, especially in the setting of <a href="/articles/hivaids" title="HIV">HIV infection</a> with less than 150 cells/μL CD4. It results from haematogeneous dissemination of the infection that can involve multiple organs and systems and associates a high mortality<sup>1</sup>.</p><h4>Terminology</h4><p>Although it is sometimes referred as extrapulmonary histoplasmosis, lung involvement is one of the commonest manifestations of this condition. </p>- +<p><strong>Disseminated histoplasmosis</strong>, also known as<strong> progressive disseminated histoplasmosis</strong>, is a severe form of <a href="/articles/histoplasmosis" title="Histoplasmosis">histoplasmosis infection</a> typically seen in immunosuppressed patients, especially in the setting of <a href="/articles/hivaids" title="HIV">HIV infection</a>. It results from haematogeneous dissemination of the infection, involving multiple organs and systems and associating a high mortality<sup>1</sup>.</p><h4>Terminology</h4><p>Although it is sometimes referred as extrapulmonary histoplasmosis, lung involvement is one of the commonest manifestations of this condition<sup>2</sup>.</p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>Dissemination of the disease is fairly uncommon and may occur in 1 in 2000 acute infections<sup>3</sup>.</p><h5>Risk factors</h5><ul>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/hivaids" title="HIV AIDS">HIV infection</a>, especially with less than 150 cells/μL CD4<sup>1,4</sup></p></li>
- +<li><p>Immunosuppressive medications </p></li>
- +<li><p>Biologic agents (infliximab, etanercept)<sup>3</sup></p></li>
- +</ul>
References changed:
- 2. Conces D, Stockberger S, Tarver R, Wheat L. Disseminated Histoplasmosis in AIDS: Findings on Chest Radiographs. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1993;160(1):15-9. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.160.1.8416614">doi:10.2214/ajr.160.1.8416614</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8416614">Pubmed</a>
- 3. Kunin J, Blasco L, Hamid A, Fuss C, Sauer D, Walker C. Thoracic Endemic Fungi in the United States: Importance of Patient Location. Radiographics. 2021;41(2):380-98. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2021200071">doi:10.1148/rg.2021200071</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33544664">Pubmed</a>
- 3. Kunin J, Blasco L, Hamid A, Fuss C, Sauer D, Walker C. Thoracic Endemic Fungi in the United States: Importance of Patient Location. Radiographics. 2021;41(2):380-98. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2021200071">doi:10.1148/rg.2021200071</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33544664">Pubmed</a>
- 4. Kahi C, Wheat L, Allen S, Sarosi G. Gastrointestinal Histoplasmosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100(1):220-31. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.40823.x">doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.40823.x</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15654803">Pubmed</a>
- 3. Kahi C, Wheat L, Allen S, Sarosi G. Gastrointestinal Histoplasmosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100(1):220-31. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.40823.x">doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.40823.x</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15654803">Pubmed</a>
Systems changed:
- Central Nervous System
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