Ethmoid bulla
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The ethmoid bulla, also known as bulla ethmoidalis, is the largest and most consistent air cell of the anterior ethmoid air cells.
Gross anatomy
It is located posterior to the frontal recess and enclosed laterally by the lamina papyracea. It forms the roof of the middle meatus.
It can be classified into three subtypes 1:
- simple bulla (50%): a single cavity that usually communicates in the hiatus semilunaris
- compound bulla (25%): 2-3 separate compartments that communicate with the hiatus semilunaris
- complex bulla (25%): 2-3 separate compartments that communicate with the hiatus semilunaris, ethmoid infundibulum or superior meatus.
It is formed by pneumatisation of the bulla lamella and its degree of pneumatisation is variable. In its most extreme form (giant ethmoid bulla), it may fill the entire middle meatus. Failure of pneumatisation of the ethmoid bulla is termed torus ethmoidalis 3.
It usually opens in the retrobullar recess.
-</ul><p>It is formed by pneumatisation of the <a href="/articles/bulla-lamella">bulla lamella</a> and its degree of pneumatisation is variable. In its most extreme form (giant ethmoid bulla), it may fill the entire middle meatus. Failure of pneumatisation of the ethmoid bulla is termed <a href="/articles/torus-ethmoidalis">torus </a><a href="/articles/torus-ethmoidalis">ethmoidalis </a><sup>3</sup>.</p><p>It usually opens in the <a href="/articles/retrobullar-recess">retrobullar</a><a href="/articles/retrobullar-recess"> recess</a>.</p><p><!--EndFragment--></p>- +</ul><p>It is formed by pneumatisation of the <a href="/articles/bulla-lamella">bulla lamella</a> and its degree of pneumatisation is variable. In its most extreme form (giant ethmoid bulla), it may fill the entire middle meatus. Failure of pneumatisation of the ethmoid bulla is termed <a href="/articles/torus-ethmoidalis">torus </a><a href="/articles/torus-ethmoidalis">ethmoidalis </a><sup>3</sup>.</p><p>It usually opens in the <a href="/articles/retrobullar-recess">retrobullar</a><a href="/articles/retrobullar-recess"> recess</a>.</p><p></p>
References changed:
- 1. Mohammad Javed Ali. Principles and Practice of Lacrimal Surgery. (2018) ISBN: 9789811054426 - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9789811054426">Google Books</a>
- 2. M. Eric Gershwin, Gary Incaudo. Diseases of the Sinuses. (2012) ISBN: 9781461202257 - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9781461202257">Google Books</a>
- 3. Vincent Chong. Skull Base Imaging. (2017) ISBN: 9780323496049 - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9780323496049">Google Books</a>
- 1. Mohammad Javed Ali. Principles and Practice of Lacrimal Surgery. (2018) p.55 <a href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?vid=ISBN9789811054426">ISBN: 9789811054426</a><span class="ref_v4"></span>
- 2. M. Eric Gershwin, Gary Incaudo. Diseases of the Sinuses. (2012) p.68 <a href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?vid=ISBN9781461202257">ISBN: 9781461202257</a><span class="ref_v4"></span>
- 3. Vincent Chong. Skull Base Imaging. (2017) p.26 <a href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?vid=ISBN9780323496049">ISBN: 9780323496049</a><span class="ref_v4"></span>
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