Facial bones (reverse Waters)
Disclosures
- updated 4 Sep 2022:
Nothing to disclose
Updates to Article Attributes
Body
was changed:
The reverse Waters view is a modified alternative to the Waters view. However, skull radiographs are rapidly becoming obsolete in general, being replaced by much more sensitive CT scans.
Indications
- trauma
- facial fractures
- acute sinusitis
Patient position
- the patient is supine
- the mid-sagittal plane is perpendicular to the image receptor
Technical factors
- acanthioparietal projection
-
centring point
- acanthion
- central beam angled 30° cephalad to be running parallel to the mentomeatal line
-
collimation
- superior to the skin margins
- inferior to include the most inferior aspects of the skull
- lateral to include the skin margin
-
orientation
- portrait
-
detector size
- 24 cm x 30 cm
-
exposure
- 75-80 kVp
- 20-25 mAs
-
SID
- 100 cm
-
grid
- yes (this can vary departmentally)
Image technical evaluation
- orbits are magnified
- petrous ridges are projected below the maxillary sinus
Practical points
- learn your skull positioning lines, it makes for reading position guides a lot easier
- this projection results in distorted anatomy and should hence only be used on patients unable to stand up
-<p>The <strong>reverse Waters view </strong>is a modified alternative to the <a title="Waters view" href="/articles/waters-view-1">Waters view</a>. However, skull radiographs are rapidly becoming obsolete in general, being replaced by much more sensitive CT scans.</p><h4>Indications</h4><ul>-<li>trauma</li>-<li><a href="/articles/facial-fractures">facial fractures</a></li>-<li>acute <a href="/articles/acute-sinusitis">sinusitis</a>-</li>-</ul><h4>Patient position</h4><ul>-<li>the patient is supine</li>-<li>the mid-sagittal plane is perpendicular to the image receptor </li>-</ul><h4>Technical factors</h4><ul>-<li><strong>acanthioparietal projection</strong></li>-<li>-<strong>centring point</strong><ul>-<li>acanthion</li>-<li>central beam angled 30° cephalad to be running parallel to the mentomeatal line</li>-</ul>-</li>-<li>-<strong>collimation</strong><ul>-<li>superior to the skin margins</li>-<li>inferior to include the most inferior aspects of the skull</li>-<li>lateral to include the skin margin</li>-</ul>-</li>-<li>-<strong>orientation </strong><em> </em><ul><li>portrait</li></ul>-</li>-<li>-<strong>detector size</strong><ul><li>24 cm x 30 cm</li></ul>-</li>-<li>-<strong>exposure</strong><ul>-<li>75-80 kVp</li>-<li>20-25 mAs</li>-</ul>-</li>-<li>-<strong>SID</strong><ul><li>100 cm</li></ul>-</li>-<li>-<strong>grid</strong><ul><li>yes (this can vary departmentally)</li></ul>-</li>-</ul><h4>Image technical evaluation</h4><ul>-<li>orbits are magnified </li>-<li>petrous ridges are projected below the maxillary sinus </li>-</ul><h4>Practical points</h4><ul>-<li>learn your skull positioning lines, it makes for reading position guides a lot easier</li>-<li>this projection results in distorted anatomy and should hence only be used on patients unable to stand up</li>- +<p>The <strong>reverse Waters view </strong>is a modified alternative to the <a title="Waters view" href="/articles/facial-bones-waters-view">Waters view</a>. However, skull radiographs are rapidly becoming obsolete in general, being replaced by much more sensitive CT scans.</p><h4>Indications</h4><ul>
- +<li>trauma</li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/facial-fractures">facial fractures</a></li>
- +<li>acute <a href="/articles/acute-sinusitis">sinusitis</a>
- +</li>
- +</ul><h4>Patient position</h4><ul>
- +<li>the patient is supine</li>
- +<li>the mid-sagittal plane is perpendicular to the image receptor </li>
- +</ul><h4>Technical factors</h4><ul>
- +<li><strong>acanthioparietal projection</strong></li>
- +<li>
- +<strong>centring point</strong><ul>
- +<li>acanthion</li>
- +<li>central beam angled 30° cephalad to be running parallel to the mentomeatal line</li>
- +</ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>
- +<strong>collimation</strong><ul>
- +<li>superior to the skin margins</li>
- +<li>inferior to include the most inferior aspects of the skull</li>
- +<li>lateral to include the skin margin</li>
- +</ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>
- +<strong>orientation </strong><em> </em><ul><li>portrait</li></ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>
- +<strong>detector size</strong><ul><li>24 cm x 30 cm</li></ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>
- +<strong>exposure</strong><ul>
- +<li>75-80 kVp</li>
- +<li>20-25 mAs</li>
- +</ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>
- +<strong>SID</strong><ul><li>100 cm</li></ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>
- +<strong>grid</strong><ul><li>yes (this can vary departmentally)</li></ul>
- +</li>
- +</ul><h4>Image technical evaluation</h4><ul>
- +<li>orbits are magnified </li>
- +<li>petrous ridges are projected below the maxillary sinus </li>
- +</ul><h4>Practical points</h4><ul>
- +<li>learn your skull positioning lines, it makes for reading position guides a lot easier</li>
- +<li>this projection results in distorted anatomy and should hence only be used on patients unable to stand up</li>
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