Fallopian tube torsion
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A Fallopian tube torsion is a type of adnexal torsion and usually occurs in association with an ovarian torsion (when it is then termed a tubo-ovarian torsion). An isolated fallopian tube torsion is rare but can occur.
Pathology
An isolated tubal torsion can occur as a late complication of tubal ligation 1,2.
Other risk factors for an isolated fallopian tube torsion include 3,8
- intrinsic factors
- pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- anatomical abnormalities
- hydrosalpinx
- haematosalpinx: can also be a consequence
- long mesosalpinx
- physiological abnormalities
- tubal neoplasm
- extrinsic factors
- adhesions
- adnexal venous congestion
- adjacent ovarian or paraovarian masses (e.g. paraovarian cysts)
- uterine masses
- gravid uterus
Location
There is a well-recognised right-sided predilection 9
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
Reported sonographic findings include 3,5
- a normal-appearing uterus and ovaries with normal flow
- free fluid
- a dilated tube with thickened, echogenic walls and internal debris
- a convoluted echogenic mass thought to represent a thickened, torsed tube
- sonographic whirlpool sign: described as a relatively specific sign of tubal torsion 7
CT
Reported primary CT findings of isolated tubal torsion include 3,4
- an adnexal mass
- twisted appearance to the fallopian tube with dilated tube greater than 15 mm
- thickened and enhancing tubal wall and luminal CT attenuation greater than 50 HU, compatible with haemorrhage
Secondary signs include
- free intrapelvic fluid
- peritubular fat stranding
- enhancement and thickening of the broad ligament
- regional ileus
-<a title="Whirlpool sign (ovarian torsion)" href="/articles/whirlpool-sign-ovarian-torsion">sonographic whirlpool sign</a>: described as a relatively specific sign of tubal torsion <sup>7</sup>- +<a href="/articles/whirlpool-sign-ovarian-torsion">sonographic whirlpool sign</a>: described as a relatively specific sign of tubal torsion <sup>7</sup>
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