Gilula three carpal arcs
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Gilula three carpal arcs refer toare used in the carpalassessment of normal alignmentdescribed on posteroanterior or anteroposterior wrist radiographs and are used to assess normal alignment of the carpus on PA wrist radiographs. They entail:
- first arc: is a smooth curve outlining the proximal convexities of the scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum
- second arc: traces the distal concave surfaces of the same bones
- third arc: follows the main proximal curvatures of the capitate and hamate
Alignment
- carpal bones have smooth and rounded edges to varying degrees, lines joining these convexities form arcs, when major convexities are used in drawing
- there should be no step-offs in the contour of the arcs, except for two normal variants 4
- a triquetrum that is shorter than the lunate creates a step-off in the first arc but there is still a normal second arc
- "bi-lobed" appearance of second carpal arc in lunate type II morphology
- disrupted arc may indicate a ligamentous injury or fracture at the site of the broken arc
History and etymology
The concept of three radiographic arcs was first proposed by Louis A Gilula (1942-2014) in 1979 3,5.
-<p><strong>Gilula three carpal arcs </strong>refer to the carpal alignment<strong> </strong>described on posteroanterior or anteroposterior wrist radiographs and are used to assess normal alignment of the <a href="/articles/carpus">carpus</a>:</p><ul>- +<p><strong>Gilula three carpal arcs </strong>are used in the assessment of normal alignment<strong> </strong>of the <a href="/articles/carpus">carpus</a> on PA wrist radiographs. They entail:</p><ul>
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