Gliosis

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Gliosis is the focal proliferation of glial cells in the CNS in response to insult. By strict definition, gliosis is not synonymous with encephalomalacia which is the end result of liquefactive necrosis of brain parenchyma following insult. Radiologically they share similar features and is often only of academic interest. Gliosis and encephalomalacia often coexist during the early and intermediate responses to injury, with gliosis waning with time¹.

Clinical presentation

asymptomatic
serve as a focus of seizure

Pathology

~~glial~~
Glial cells constitute the non-neuronal component of the CNS, outnumbering the neurons 10:1, and are divided into two main groups: microglia and macroglia ¹.
- microglia
- ~~four general glial cells are described in classic histology, microglial cells and the~~ macroglia:
  - astrocytes
  - oligodendrocytes
  - ependymal cells
- ~~astrocytes~~
Astrocytes and the microglia are the glial cells predominantly responsible for ~~the~~ tissue response to injury
~~astrocytosis involves~~. Astrocytosis involves the proliferation and hypertrophy of astrocytes, through complex molecular and cellular pathways
~~microgliosis~~. Microgliosis primarily occurs when the insult is infectious (particularly viral), as the microglial cells, which are not of neuroepithelial origin but are likely derived from monocyte or macrophage precursors, function in antigen presentation

¹.

-<p><strong>Gliosis </strong>is the focal proliferation of glial cells in the CNS in response to insult. By strict definition, gliosis is not synonymous with <a href="/articles/encephalomalacia">encephalomalacia</a> which is the end result of liquefactive necrosis of brain parenchyma following insult. Radiologically they share similar features and is often only of academic interest. Gliosis and encephalomalacia often coexist during the early and intermediate responses to injury, with gliosis waning with time.</p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><ul>
+<p><strong>Gliosis </strong>is the focal proliferation of glial cells in the CNS in response to insult. By strict definition, gliosis is not synonymous with <a href="/articles/encephalomalacia">encephalomalacia</a> which is the end result of liquefactive necrosis of brain parenchyma following insult. Radiologically they share similar features and is often only of academic interest. Gliosis and encephalomalacia often coexist during the early and intermediate responses to injury, with gliosis waning with time <sup>1</sup>.</p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><ul>
~~-</ul><h4>Pathology</h4><ul>~~
~~-<li>glial cells constitute the non-neuronal component of the CNS, outnumbering the neurons 10:1</li>~~
~~-<li>four general glial cells are described in classic histology, microglial cells and the macroglia:<ul>~~
+</ul><h4>Pathology</h4><p>Glial cells constitute the non-neuronal component of the CNS, outnumbering the neurons 10:1, and are divided into two main groups: microglia and macroglia <sup>1</sup>. </p><ul>
+<li>microglia</li>
+<li>macroglia<ul>
~~-<li>astrocytes and the microglia are the glial cells predominantly responsible for the tissue response to injury</li>~~
~~-<li>astrocytosis involves the proliferation and hypertrophy of astrocytes, through complex molecular and cellular pathways</li>~~
-<li>microgliosis primarily occurs when the insult is infectious (particularly viral), as the microglial cells, which are not of neuroepithelial origin but are likely derived from monocyte or macrophage precursors, function in antigen presentation</li>
~~-</ul><h4>See also</h4><ul>~~
+</ul><p><a title="Astrocyte" href="/articles/astrocyte">Astrocytes </a>and the <a title="microglia" href="/articles/microglia">microglia </a>are the glial cells predominantly responsible for tissue response to injury. Astrocytosis involves the proliferation and hypertrophy of astrocytes, through complex molecular and cellular pathways. Microgliosis primarily occurs when the insult is infectious (particularly viral), as the microglial cells, which are not of neuroepithelial origin but are likely derived from monocyte or macrophage precursors, function in antigen presentation <sup>1</sup>. </p><h4>See also</h4><ul>