Hepatic atrophy
Disclosures
- updated 19 Aug 2022:
Nothing to disclose
Updates to Article Attributes
Title
was added:
Hepatic atrophy
Body
was added:
Hepatic atrophy is a common appearance on imaging of the liver. It may result from obstruction of a major branch of the portal vein, bile ducts or hepatic veins. It does not usually occur secondary to hepatic arterial flow compromise. Compensatory hypertrophy of the unaffected segments/lobes is common, leading to the so-called atrophy-hypertrophy complex.
Pathology
Aetiology
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malignancy 2
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hilar cholangiocarcinoma is the commonest malignant cause
other cholangiocarcinomas can also cause atrophy
HCC: if significant bile duct, portal vein or hepatic vein compromise
hepatic metastases: if significant bile duct, portal vein or hepatic vein compromise
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iatrogenic: e.g. post cholecystectomy2, portal vein embolisation3,
parasitic biliary infections e.g. Clonorchis sinensis, Ascaris lumbricoides, hydatid disease 4
choledocholithiasis: rare
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benign neoplasms: rare
papilloma, cystadenoma
trauma 6
- +<p><strong>Hepatic atrophy</strong> is a common appearance on imaging of the <a href="/articles/liver" title="Liver">liver</a>. It may result from obstruction of a major branch of the portal vein, bile ducts or hepatic veins. It does not usually occur secondary to hepatic arterial flow compromise. Compensatory hypertrophy of the unaffected segments/lobes is common, leading to the so-called <strong>atrophy-hypertrophy complex</strong>.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><h5>Aetiology</h5><ul>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/cirrhosis" title="Cirrhosis">cirrhosis</a></p></li>
- +<li>
- +<p>malignancy <sup>2</sup></p>
- +<ul>
- +<li>
- +<p><a href="/articles/klatskin-tumour" title="Hilar cholangiocarcinoma">hilar cholangiocarcinoma</a> is the commonest malignant cause</p>
- +<ul><li><p>other cholangiocarcinomas can also cause atrophy</p></li></ul>
- +</li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/hepatocellular-carcinoma" title="HCC">HCC</a>: if significant bile duct, portal vein or hepatic vein compromise</p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/hepatic-metastases-1" title="Hepatic metastases">hepatic metastases</a>: if significant bile duct, portal vein or hepatic vein compromise</p></li>
- +</ul>
- +</li>
- +<li><p>iatrogenic: e.g. <a href="/articles/cholecystectomy-1" title="Cholecystectomy">post cholecystectomy</a> <sup>2</sup>, <a href="/articles/portal-vein-embolisation-1" title="Portal vein embolisation">portal vein embolisation</a> <sup>3</sup>, </p></li>
- +<li><p>parasitic biliary infections e.g. <a href="/articles/clonorchis-sinensis" title="Clonorchis">Clonorchis sinensis</a>, <a href="/articles/ascariasis" title="Ascaris infection"><em>Ascaris lumbricoides</em></a>, hydatid disease <sup>4</sup></p></li>
- +<li><p>choledocholithiasis: rare</p></li>
- +<li>
- +<p>benign neoplasms: rare</p>
- +<ul><li><p><a href="/articles/papilloma" title="hepatic papilloma">papilloma</a>, cystadenoma</p></li></ul>
- +</li>
- +<li><p>trauma <sup>6</sup></p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/chilaiditi-syndrome" title="Chilaiditi syndrome">Chilaiditi syndrome</a> <sup>8</sup></p></li>
- +</ul>
Type
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Article.
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published.
Author
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111.
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a51105074ffe23bcfce711679c7719ff.
Published At
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2023-03-29T18:23:45.583Z.
References changed:
- 1. Cha C & Blumgart L. Liver Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy, and Atrophy. Surgery of the Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas. 2007;:63-71. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4160-3256-4.50013-2">doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3256-4.50013-2</a>
- 2. Barbier L, Souche R, Slim K, Ah-Soune P. Long-Term Consequences of Bile Duct Injury After Cholecystectomy. J Visc Surg. 2014;151(4):269-79. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2014.05.006">doi:10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2014.05.006</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24954866">Pubmed</a>
- 3. Kusaka K, Imamura H, Tomiya T, Takayama T, Makuuchi M. Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-Alpha and -Beta in Hepatic Lobes After Hemihepatic Portal Vein Embolization. Dig Dis Sci. 2006;51(8):1404-12. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-006-9105-5">doi:10.1007/s10620-006-9105-5</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16838117">Pubmed</a>
- 4. Karabulut K, Ozden I, Poyanli A et al. Hepatic Atrophy-Hypertrophy Complex Due to Echinococcus Granulosus. J Gastrointest Surg. 2006;10(3):407-12. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gassur.2005.06.007">doi:10.1016/j.gassur.2005.06.007</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16504887">Pubmed</a>
- 5. Kim R, Kim J, Watanabe G, Mohuczy D, Behrns K. Liver Regeneration and the Atrophy-Hypertrophy Complex. Semin Intervent Radiol. 2008;25(2):92-103. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1076679">doi:10.1055/s-2008-1076679</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21326550">Pubmed</a>
- 6. Kaushik S, Fulcher A, Turner M. Segmental Hepatic Atrophy: A Sequela of Blunt Intrahepatic Bile Duct Injury. J Trauma. 2003;54(6):1225-7. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1097/01.TA.0000028047.45160.F9">doi:10.1097/01.TA.0000028047.45160.F9</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12813347">Pubmed</a>
- 7. Lorigan J, Charnsangavej C, Carrasco C, Richli W, Wallace S. Atrophy with Compensatory Hypertrophy of the Liver in Hepatic Neoplasms: Radiographic Findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1988;150(6):1291-5. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.150.6.1291">doi:10.2214/ajr.150.6.1291</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3259366">Pubmed</a>
- 8. Kaya H, Karatay E, Tuney D. The Volumetric Measurement of Developing Liver Atrophy in Patients with Chilaiditi's Sign. Surg Radiol Anat. 2022;44(9):1239-46. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-022-03013-7">doi:10.1007/s00276-022-03013-7</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36053336">Pubmed</a>
Systems changed:
- Hepatobiliary
Sections changed:
- Signs
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