Hoffman-Rigler sign (heart)

Changed by Vincent Tatco, 7 May 2016

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The Hoffman-Rigler sign is a sign of left ventricular enlargement where an approximation of the distance between the inferior vena cava and left ventricle ~~are~~ is used.

On a lateral chest radiograph, if the distance between the left ventricular border and the posterior border of IVC exceeds 1.8 cm, at a level 2 cm above the intersection of diaphragm and IVC, left ventricular enlargement is suggested ²¹.

Later investigators suggest this should be increased to ~~19mm~~1.9 cm to decrease the number of false positives².

Prior to their publication in 1951, LV ~~enlagement~~enlargement was suggested ~~where~~when the posterior LV border ~~of LV was~~is more than 1~~.5cm~~.5 cm behind the IVC.

Hoffman-Rigler sign should not be confused with Rigler's sign or Rigler's triad

-The Hoffman-Rigler sign is a sign of <a href="/articles/left-ventricular-enlargement">left ventricular enlargement</a> where an approximation of the distance between the <a href="/articles/inferior-vena-cava-1">inferior vena cava</a> and <a href="/articles/left-ventricle">left ventricle</a> are used.On a lateral chest radiograph, if the distance between the left ventricular border and the posterior border of IVC exceeds 1.8 cm, at a level 2 cm above the intersection of diaphragm and IVC, left ventricular enlargement is suggested 2.Later investigators suggest this should be increased to 19mm to decrease the number of false positives.Prior to their publication in 1951, LV enlagement was suggested where the posterior border of LV was more than 1.5cm behind IVC.Hoffman-Rigler sign should not be confused with <a href="/articles/rigler-sign-1">Rigler's sign</a> or <a href="/articles/rigler-triad">Rigler's triad</a>
+The Hoffman-Rigler sign is a sign of <a href="/articles/left-ventricular-enlargement">left ventricular enlargement</a> where an approximation of the distance between the <a href="/articles/inferior-vena-cava-1">inferior vena cava</a> and <a href="/articles/left-ventricle">left ventricle</a> is used.On a lateral chest radiograph, if the distance between the left ventricular border and the posterior border of IVC exceeds 1.8 cm, at a level 2 cm above the intersection of diaphragm and IVC, left ventricular enlargement is suggested 1.Later investigators suggest this should be increased to 1.9 cm to decrease the number of false positives 2.Prior to their publication in 1951, LV enlargement was suggested when the posterior LV border is more than 1.5 cm behind the IVC.Hoffman-Rigler sign should not be confused with <a href="/articles/rigler-sign-1">Rigler's sign</a> or <a href="/articles/rigler-triad">Rigler's triad</a>

References changed:

1. Brant WE, Helms C. Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. (2012) ISBN:1608319113. <a href=http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN1608319113">Read it at Google Books</a> - <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1608319113">Find it at Amazon</a>
2. Freeman V, Mutatiri C, Pretorius M et-al. Evaluation of left ventricular enlargement in the lateral position of the chest using the Hoffman and Rigler sign. Cardiovasc J S Afr. 2003;14 (3): 134-7. <a href=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12844197">Pubmed citation</a>
1. Freeman V, Mutatiri C, Pretorius M et-al. Evaluation of left ventricular enlargement in the lateral position of the chest using the Hoffman and Rigler sign. Cardiovasc J S Afr. 2003;14 (3): 134-7. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12844197">Pubmed citation</a>
2. Brant WE, Helms C. Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. (2012) ISBN:1608319113. <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN1608319113">Read it at Google Books</a> - <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1608319113">Find it at Amazon</a>

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