Question 2841
{"accessible":false,"alternatives":[{"id":13863,"text":"2-hydroxyglutarate"},{"id":13864,"text":"α-ketoglutarate"},{"id":13865,"text":"glutamate"},{"id":13866,"text":"glutamine"},{"id":13867,"text":"N-methyl-D-aspartate"}],"archived":false,"correctAlternativeId":13863,"explanation":"\u003cp\u003eIsocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is an enzyme that participates in the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle).\u0026nbsp;It catalyzes isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen IDH is mutated, α-ketoglutarate is no longer formed. Instead, 2-hydroxyglutarate accumulates. It is structurally similar to glutamate which is one of the primary excitatory neurotransmitters in the human brain, which in turn activates N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and thus increases the likelihood of seizures.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGlutamine is an abundant amino acid and is the precursor of to the synthesis of both glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the dominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human central nervous system.\u003c/p\u003e","id":2841,"imageUrl":null,"imageAttribution":null,"imageAttributionCaseInfo":null,"firstQuestionPath":"/questions/2841","nextQuestionPath":"/articles/isocitrate-dehydrogenase-idh-1/questions/811","relatedArticles":[{"id":44318,"title":"Epilepsy","link":"/articles/epilepsy?lang=us"},{"id":14598,"title":"Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant","link":"/articles/astrocytoma-idh-mutant-1?lang=us"},{"id":174005,"title":"Kindling effect","link":"/articles/kindling-effect?lang=us"}],"alsoUsedIn":[{"id":1747,"kind":"Course","title":"Epileptogenic Brain Tumours Learning Pathway - page 1747","link":"https://radiopaedia.org/courses/epileptogenic-brain-tumours-learning-pathway/pages/1747"}],"stem":"\u003cp\u003eWhich of the following metabolites accumulates in patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations and results in an increased likelihood of seizures? \u003c/p\u003e","menuLinks":[{"text":"Report problem with question","url":"https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfO3soWYhOjJ7yErSysyCe5V4A1CqW7WK3rDA7MtAkecMGqNw/viewform?entry.1624461248\u0026entry.553583435=https://radiopaedia.org/questions/2841"}],"attemptsPercentages":[{"alternativeId":"13867","percentage":21},{"alternativeId":"13866","percentage":5},{"alternativeId":"13865","percentage":32},{"alternativeId":"13863","percentage":26},{"alternativeId":"13864","percentage":16}],"promptToLogin":false,"questionManager":false,"articleId":"isocitrate-dehydrogenase-idh"}