Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an odorless and colorless gas that can cause a state of euphoria.
Nitrous oxide is the least powerful of the inhalational anesthetic agents, needing up to 104% concentration to reach 1 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). Thus, it is usually admixed with a more volatile and potent anesthetic agent. It is commonly used in obstetric and emergency settings.
Mechanism of action
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anesthetic effect
non-competitive NMDA inhibition in CNS
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analgesic effect
release of endogenous opioids
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anxiolytic effect
GABA-A activation
central sympathomimetic effect
Administration
inhalation via simple oxygen face mask, endotracheal tube or laryngeal mask airway (LMA)