Normal pediatric imaging examples
Updates to Article Attributes
This article lists examples of normal imaging of the paediatric patients divided by region, modality, and age.
Chest
Plain radiograph
-
chest radiograph
CT
CT chest: examples needed
Abdomen
Plain radiograph
Ultrasound
ultrasound abdomen: example 1
ultrasound renal: example needed
CT
-
CT abdomen
3-year-old male: example 1
Nuclear medicine
DMSA: example 1
MAG 3: example needed
Pelvis
-
pelvic radiograph
Head
Plain radiograph
-
occipitomental (Waters) view
example needed
lateral skull X-ray: example 1
nasal bone: 6-year-old: example 1
CT
-
CT brain
MRI
Neck
Plain radiograph
-
cervical spine radiograph
-
odontoid peg view
2-year-old: example 1
posterior nasal space x-ray: example needed
-
soft tissue neck
6-year-old: example 1
CT
-
CT cervical spine:
CT neck: example needed
MRI
MRI neck: example needed
Thoracolumbar spine
-
thoracic spine radiograph
9-year-old: example 1
Sacrum and sacroiliac joints-MRI
13-year-old: example 1
Upper Limb
Plain radiograph
-
shoulder:
-
humerus
2-year-old: example 1
-
elbow
radius and ulna: examples needed
-
wristwris
10-year-old:
examples neededexample 1
-
hand
fingers: examples needed
Lower limb
Plain radiograph
hip: examples needed
femur: examples needed
-
knee
tibia and fibula: examples needed
-
ankle
-
foot
calcaneum
10 year-old: example 1
MRI
hip: examples needed
femur: examples needed
knee: examples needed
tibia and fibula: examples needed
-
ankle
7-year-old: example 1
foot: examples needed
Skeletal survey
Skeletal surveys are performed in cases of:
-
post-mortem before an autopsy in cases of suspected sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) to exclude traumatic skeletal injury or skeletal abnormalities indicative of an underlying naturally occurring disease
4-month-old: example needed
new-born ('baby-gram'): example 1
MRI whole body
Computed bone maturity (bone age) assessment
Computed bone maturity (bone age) measurement are performed in cases of suspected growth delay or early pubertal development:
7-year-old: example 1
Computed tomography scanogram for leg length discrepancy assessment
Computed tomography scanogram for leg length discrepancy assessment is performed in patients (children in most of the cases) with suspected inequality in leg length.
-<p>This article lists<strong> examples of normal imaging of the paediatric patients</strong> divided by region, modality, and age.</p><h4>Chest</h4><h5>Plain radiograph</h5><ul><li>chest radiograph<ul>-<li>premature (27 weeks): <a href="/cases/normal-premature-neonate-chest-radiograph-27-weeks">example 1</a>-</li>-<li>neonate: <a href="/cases/normal-lateral-decubitus-radiograph-neonate-1">example 1</a> (lateral decubitus)</li>-<li>6-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-chest-6-year-old-3">example 1</a>-</li>-<li>12-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-chest-x-ray-12-year-old">example 1</a>-</li>-</ul>-</li></ul><h5>CT</h5><ul><li>CT chest: examples needed</li></ul><h4>Abdomen</h4><h5>Plain radiograph</h5><ul><li>abdomen radiograph<ul>-<li>neonate: <a title="example 1" href="/cases/normal-abdominal-radiograph-newborn">example 1</a>-</li>-<li>3-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-abdominal-x-ray-3-year-old">example 1</a>-</li>- +<p>This article lists<strong> examples of normal imaging of the paediatric patients</strong> divided by region, modality, and age.</p><h4>Chest</h4><h5>Plain radiograph</h5><ul><li>
- +<p>chest radiograph</p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p>premature (27 weeks): <a href="/cases/normal-premature-neonate-chest-radiograph-27-weeks">example 1</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>neonate: <a href="/cases/normal-lateral-decubitus-radiograph-neonate-1">example 1</a> (lateral decubitus)</p></li>
- +<li><p>6-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-chest-6-year-old-3">example 1</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>12-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-chest-x-ray-12-year-old">example 1</a></p></li>
- +</ul>
- +</li></ul><h5>CT</h5><ul><li><p>CT chest: examples needed</p></li></ul><h4>Abdomen</h4><h5>Plain radiograph</h5><ul><li>
- +<p>abdomen radiograph</p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p>neonate: <a href="/cases/normal-abdominal-radiograph-newborn" title="example 1">example 1</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>3-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-abdominal-x-ray-3-year-old">example 1</a></p></li>
-<li>ultrasound abdomen: <a href="/cases/normal-upper-abdominal-ultrasound-paediatric">example 1</a>-</li>-<li>ultrasound renal: example needed</li>-</ul><h5>CT</h5><ul><li>CT abdomen<ul><li>3-year-old male: <a href="/cases/normal-ct-abdomen-3-year-old">example 1</a>-</li></ul>- +<li><p>ultrasound abdomen: <a href="/cases/normal-upper-abdominal-ultrasound-paediatric">example 1</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>ultrasound renal: example needed</p></li>
- +</ul><h5>CT</h5><ul><li>
- +<p>CT abdomen</p>
- +<ul><li><p>3-year-old male: <a href="/cases/normal-ct-abdomen-3-year-old">example 1</a></p></li></ul>
-<li>DMSA: <a href="/cases/normal-dmsa-scan">example 1</a>-</li>-<li>MAG 3: example needed</li>-</ul><h4>Pelvis</h4><ul><li>pelvic radiograph<ul>-<li>3-month-old: <a href="/cases/normal-pelvis-x-ray-3-month-old">example 1</a>-</li>-<li>1-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-pelvis-x-ray-1-year-old">example 1</a> with <a href="/articles/paediatric-hip-frog-leg-lateral-view">frog leg view</a>-</li>-<li>2-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-pelvic-radiograph-and-frog-leg-lateral-2-year-old-1">example 1 </a>with frog leg view</li>-<li>4-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-pelvis-x-ray-4-year-old-1">example 1</a> with a frog leg view</li>-<li>6-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-pelvic-and-frog-leg-lateral-radiographs-6-year-old">example 1 </a>with frog leg view</li>-<li>9-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-pelvis-x-ray-9-year-old">example 1</a>-</li>-<li>12-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-pelvis-x-ray-12-year-old">example 1</a>-</li>-<li>14-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-frog-leg-lateral-radiograph">example 1</a> with frog leg view</li>- +<li><p>DMSA: <a href="/cases/normal-dmsa-scan">example 1</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>MAG 3: example needed</p></li>
- +</ul><h4>Pelvis</h4><ul><li>
- +<p>pelvic radiograph</p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p>3-month-old: <a href="/cases/normal-pelvis-x-ray-3-month-old">example 1</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>1-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-pelvis-x-ray-1-year-old">example 1</a> with <a href="/articles/paediatric-hip-frog-leg-lateral-view">frog leg view</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>2-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-pelvic-radiograph-and-frog-leg-lateral-2-year-old-1">example 1 </a>with frog leg view</p></li>
- +<li><p>4-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-pelvis-x-ray-4-year-old-1">example 1</a> with a frog leg view</p></li>
- +<li><p>6-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-pelvic-and-frog-leg-lateral-radiographs-6-year-old">example 1 </a>with frog leg view</p></li>
- +<li><p>9-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-pelvis-x-ray-9-year-old">example 1</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>12-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-pelvis-x-ray-12-year-old">example 1</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>14-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-frog-leg-lateral-radiograph">example 1</a> with frog leg view</p></li>
-<li>occipitomental (Waters) view <ul><li>example needed</li></ul>-</li>-<li>lateral skull X-ray: <a href="/cases/normal-lateral-skull-radiograph-paediatric-1">example 1</a>-</li>-<li>nasal bone: 6-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-nasal-bone-radiograph-6-year-old-1">example 1</a>-</li>-</ul><h5>CT</h5><ul><li>CT brain<ul>-<li>2-month-old: <a href="/cases/normal-brain-ct-2-month-old-1">example 1</a>-</li>-<li>2-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-ct-head-3-year-old-1">example 1</a> (with reconstruction)</li>-<li>3-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-ct-head-3-year-old-1">example 1</a> (with bone windows and 3D recon)</li>-<li>4-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-ct-brain-4-year-old">example 1</a>-</li>-<li>10-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-ct-brain-with-contrast-paediatric-1">example 1</a> (with contrast)</li>-<li>12-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-ct-brain-12-year-old-3">example 1</a>-</li>-</ul>-</li></ul><h5>MRI</h5><ul><li>MRI brain<ul>-<li>neonate: <a href="/cases/normal-mri-brain-neonate-1">example 1</a>-</li>-<li>1.5-month-old <a href="/cases/mri-brain-normal-myelination-15-months-old">example 1</a>-</li>-<li>3-month-old <a href="/cases/normal-myelination-3-months-old">example 1</a>-</li>-<li>3-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-mri-head-3-years-old-1">example 1</a>- +<li>
- +<p>occipitomental (Waters) view </p>
- +<ul><li><p>example needed</p></li></ul>
- +<li><p>lateral skull X-ray: <a href="/cases/normal-lateral-skull-radiograph-paediatric-1">example 1</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>nasal bone: 6-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-nasal-bone-radiograph-6-year-old-1">example 1</a></p></li>
- +</ul><h5>CT</h5><ul><li>
- +<p>CT brain</p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p>2-month-old: <a href="/cases/normal-brain-ct-2-month-old-1">example 1</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>2-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-ct-head-3-year-old-1">example 1</a> (with reconstruction)</p></li>
- +<li><p>3-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-ct-head-3-year-old-1">example 1</a> (with bone windows and 3D recon)</p></li>
- +<li><p>4-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-ct-brain-4-year-old">example 1</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>10-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-ct-brain-with-contrast-paediatric-1">example 1</a> (with contrast)</p></li>
- +<li><p>12-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-ct-brain-12-year-old-3">example 1</a></p></li>
- +</ul>
- +</li></ul><h5>MRI</h5><ul><li>
- +<p>MRI brain</p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p>neonate: <a href="/cases/normal-mri-brain-neonate-1">example 1</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>1.5-month-old <a href="/cases/mri-brain-normal-myelination-15-months-old">example 1</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>3-month-old <a href="/cases/normal-myelination-3-months-old">example 1</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>3-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-mri-head-3-years-old-1">example 1</a></p></li>
-<li>cervical spine radiograph<ul>-<li>2-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-cervical-spine-radiographs-2-year-old-1">example 1</a>-</li>-<li>12-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-lateral-cervical-spine-xray-12-year-old-1">example 1</a>-</li>- +<li>
- +<p>cervical spine radiograph</p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p>2-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-cervical-spine-radiographs-2-year-old-1">example 1</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>12-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-lateral-cervical-spine-xray-12-year-old-1">example 1</a></p></li>
-<li>odontoid peg view<ul><li>2-year-old: <a href="/cases/odontoid-peg-view-2-year-old-2">example 1</a>-</li></ul>- +<li>
- +<p>odontoid peg view</p>
- +<ul><li><p>2-year-old: <a href="/cases/odontoid-peg-view-2-year-old-2">example 1</a></p></li></ul>
-<li>posterior nasal space x-ray: example needed</li>-<li>soft tissue neck<ul><li>6-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-soft-tissue-neck-radiograph-paediatric-1">example 1</a>-</li></ul>- +<li><p>posterior nasal space x-ray: example needed</p></li>
- +<li>
- +<p>soft tissue neck</p>
- +<ul><li><p>6-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-soft-tissue-neck-radiograph-paediatric-1">example 1</a></p></li></ul>
-<li>CT cervical spine:<ul>-<li>3-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-ct-cervical-spine-paediatric-1">example 1</a>-</li>-<li>12-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-ct-cervical-spine-12-year-old-1">example 1</a>-</li>-<li>13-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-ct-cervical-spine-12-year-old-1">example 1</a>-</li>- +<li>
- +<p>CT cervical spine:</p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p>3-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-ct-cervical-spine-paediatric-1">example 1</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>12-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-ct-cervical-spine-12-year-old-1">example 1</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>13-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-ct-cervical-spine-12-year-old-1">example 1</a></p></li>
-<li>CT neck: example needed</li>-</ul><h5>MRI</h5><ul><li>MRI neck: example needed</li></ul><h4>Thoracolumbar spine</h4><ul><li>thoracic spine radiograph<ul><li>9-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-thoracic-spine-x-ray-9-year-old-1">example 1</a>-</li></ul>-</li></ul><h4>Sacrum and sacroiliac joints-MRI</h4><ul><li>13-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-sacroiliac-joints-13-years-old-mri-2">example 1</a>-</li></ul><h4>Upper Limb</h4><h5>Plain radiograph</h5><ul>-<li>shoulder: <ul>-<li>2-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-shoulder-x-ray-2-year-old-2">example 1</a>-</li>-<li>7-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-shoulder-x-ray-7-year-old-1">example 1</a>-</li>- +<li><p>CT neck: example needed</p></li>
- +</ul><h5>MRI</h5><ul><li><p>MRI neck: example needed</p></li></ul><h4>Thoracolumbar spine</h4><ul><li>
- +<p>thoracic spine radiograph</p>
- +<ul><li><p>9-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-thoracic-spine-x-ray-9-year-old-1">example 1</a></p></li></ul>
- +</li></ul><h4>Sacrum and sacroiliac joints-MRI</h4><ul><li><p>13-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-sacroiliac-joints-13-years-old-mri-2">example 1</a></p></li></ul><h4>Upper Limb</h4><h5>Plain radiograph</h5><ul>
- +<li>
- +<p>shoulder: </p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p>2-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-shoulder-x-ray-2-year-old-2">example 1</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>7-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-shoulder-x-ray-7-year-old-1">example 1</a></p></li>
-<li>humerus<ul><li>2-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-forearm-x-ray-5-year-old">example 1</a>-</li></ul>-</li>-<li>elbow<ul>-<li>6-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-elbow-radius-and-ulna-x-ray-6-year-old-2">example 1</a>-</li>-<li>7-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-elbow-x-ray-7-year-old-1">example 1</a>-</li>-<li>13-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-elbow-xrays-13-year-old-1">example 1</a>- +<li>
- +<p>humerus</p>
- +<ul><li><p>2-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-forearm-x-ray-5-year-old">example 1</a></p></li></ul>
- +<li>
- +<p>elbow</p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p>6-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-elbow-radius-and-ulna-x-ray-6-year-old-2">example 1</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>7-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-elbow-x-ray-7-year-old-1">example 1</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>13-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-elbow-xrays-13-year-old-1">example 1</a></p></li>
-<li>radius and ulna: examples needed</li>-<li>wrist: examples needed</li>-<li>hand<ul>-<li>2-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-wrist-and-hand-x-ray-2-year-old-2">example 1</a>-</li>-<li>7-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-hand-7-year-old">example 1</a>-</li>-<li>10-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-hand-x-ray-10-year-old">example 1</a>- +<li><p>radius and ulna: examples needed</p></li>
- +<li>
- +<p>wris</p>
- +<ul><li><p>10-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-paediatric-wrist-series" title="example 1">example 1</a></p></li></ul>
- +<li>
- +<p>hand</p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p>2-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-wrist-and-hand-x-ray-2-year-old-2">example 1</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>7-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-hand-7-year-old">example 1</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>10-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-hand-x-ray-10-year-old">example 1</a></p></li>
-<li>fingers: examples needed</li>- +<li><p>fingers: examples needed</p></li>
-<li>hip: examples needed</li>-<li>femur: examples needed</li>-<li>knee<ul>-<li>4-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-knee-x-ray-4-year-old-1">example 1</a>-</li>-<li>9-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-knee-x-rays-9-year-old-1">example 1</a> - both knees</li>- +<li><p>hip: examples needed</p></li>
- +<li><p>femur: examples needed</p></li>
- +<li>
- +<p>knee</p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p>4-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-knee-x-ray-4-year-old-1">example 1</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>9-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-knee-x-rays-9-year-old-1">example 1</a> - both knees</p></li>
-<li>tibia and fibula: examples needed</li>-<li>ankle<ul>-<li>7-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-ankle-x-ray-7-year-old-3">example 1</a>-</li>-<li>11-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-ankle-x-ray-11-year-old-1">example 1</a>-</li>- +<li><p>tibia and fibula: examples needed</p></li>
- +<li>
- +<p>ankle</p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p>7-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-ankle-x-ray-7-year-old-3">example 1</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>11-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-ankle-x-ray-11-year-old-1">example 1</a></p></li>
-<li>foot<ul><li>7-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-feet-x-ray-7-year-old-2">example 1</a>-</li></ul>- +<li>
- +<p>foot</p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p>5-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-paediatric-foot-series" title="example 1">example 1</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>7-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-feet-x-ray-7-year-old-2">example 1</a></p></li>
- +</ul>
-<li>calcaneum<ul><li>10 year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-calcaneal-radiographs-paediatrics">example 1</a>-</li></ul>- +<li>
- +<p>calcaneum</p>
- +<ul><li><p>10 year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-calcaneal-radiographs-paediatrics">example 1</a></p></li></ul>
-<li>hip: examples needed</li>-<li>femur: examples needed</li>-<li>knee: examples needed</li>-<li>tibia and fibula: examples needed</li>-<li>ankle<ul><li>7-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-pediatric-ankle-mri">example 1</a>-</li></ul>- +<li><p>hip: examples needed</p></li>
- +<li><p>femur: examples needed</p></li>
- +<li><p>knee: examples needed</p></li>
- +<li><p>tibia and fibula: examples needed</p></li>
- +<li>
- +<p>ankle</p>
- +<ul><li><p>7-year-old: <a href="/cases/normal-pediatric-ankle-mri">example 1</a></p></li></ul>
-<li>foot: examples needed</li>- +<li><p>foot: examples needed</p></li>
-<li>suspected <a href="/articles/suspected-physical-abuse-1">non-accidental paediatric skeletal injury</a><ul>-<li>1-month-old: <a href="/cases/normal-skeletal-survey-1-month-old">example 1</a>-</li>-<a href="/articles/computed-bone-maturity-bone-age-measurement"></a>5-month-old: <a href="/cases/normal-skeletal-survey-5-month-old">example 1</a>-</li>- +<p>suspected <a href="/articles/suspected-physical-abuse-1">non-accidental paediatric skeletal injury</a></p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p>1-month-old: <a href="/cases/normal-skeletal-survey-1-month-old">example 1</a></p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/computed-bone-maturity-bone-age-measurement"></a>5-month-old: <a href="/cases/normal-skeletal-survey-5-month-old">example 1</a></p></li>
-<li>post-mortem before an autopsy in cases of suspected sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) to exclude traumatic skeletal injury or skeletal abnormalities indicative of an underlying naturally occurring disease<ul>-<li>4-month-old: example needed</li>-<li>new-born ('baby-gram'):<a href="/cases/normal-babygram"> example 1</a>-</li>- +<li>
- +<p>post-mortem before an autopsy in cases of suspected sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) to exclude traumatic skeletal injury or skeletal abnormalities indicative of an underlying naturally occurring disease</p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p>4-month-old: example needed</p></li>
- +<li><p>new-born ('baby-gram'):<a href="/cases/normal-babygram"> example 1</a></p></li>
-</ul><h4>Computed bone maturity (bone age) assessment</h4><p><a href="/articles/computed-bone-maturity-bone-age-measurement">Computed bone maturity (bone age) measurement</a> are performed in cases of suspected growth delay or early pubertal development:</p><ul><li>7-year-old: <a href="/cases/computer-assisted-bone-maturity-measurement-7-year-old">example 1</a>-</li></ul><h4>Computed tomography scanogram for leg length discrepancy assessment</h4><p><a href="/articles/computed-tomography-scanogram-for-leg-length-discrepancy-assessment">Computed tomography scanogram for leg length discrepancy assessment</a> is performed in patients (children in most of the cases) with suspected inequality in leg length. </p>- +</ul><h4>Computed bone maturity (bone age) assessment</h4><p><a href="/articles/computed-bone-maturity-bone-age-measurement">Computed bone maturity (bone age) measurement</a> are performed in cases of suspected growth delay or early pubertal development:</p><ul><li><p>7-year-old: <a href="/cases/computer-assisted-bone-maturity-measurement-7-year-old">example 1</a></p></li></ul><h4>Computed tomography scanogram for leg length discrepancy assessment</h4><p><a href="/articles/computed-tomography-scanogram-for-leg-length-discrepancy-assessment">Computed tomography scanogram for leg length discrepancy assessment</a> is performed in patients (children in most of the cases) with suspected inequality in leg length. </p>