Osteoma cutis, or cutaneous ossification, is the formation of bone within the skin.
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Clinical presentation
Primary osteoma cutis is an idiopathic, benign, non-invasive condition that is usually asymptomatic 1. It is often detected incidentally radiographically, most commonly in facial and scalp soft tissues.
Pathology
Osteoma cutis may be primary or secondary 1. Causes of secondary osteoma cutis include 1:
iatrogenic
post-traumatic
metabolic (e.g. Albright hereditary osteodystrophy)
inflammatory (e.g. acne, dermatomyositis)
neoplastic (e.g. basal cell carcinoma)
Radiographic features
Primary osteoma cutis is often identified incidentally on CT brain or facial bone studies as superficial dermal calcific nodules. Due to their anatomical location, they are also encountered on dental imaging, including cone-beam CT studies. They are usually reported as 'miliary osteoma cutis of the face and scalp 1.
Differential diagnosis
calcinosis cutis: deposition of calcium salts within the skin
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