Palatine bone
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The palatine bones are paired L-shaped bones joined at the midline. They form the hard palate with the maxillary bones. They also form part of the nasal cavity.
Gross anatomy
They are located at the back of the nasal cavity, between the maxilla and sphenoid bones. Each bone consists of a horizontal and perpendicular plate forming an L-shape. There are three processes, the pyramidal, orbital and sphenoidal.
They contribute to the formation of the hard palate, the nasal cavity, the orbital floor and the pterygopalatine fossa.
Articulations
- with the palatine process of the maxilla anteriorly forming the transverse palatine suture
- with its opposite counterpart in the midline
- with the vomer
- with the inferior concha
- with both the body and the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid
- with the ethmoid
Attachments
- tensor palati to the posterior border of the horizontal plate
- muscle of the uvula to the nasal spine of the horizontal plate
- superficial head of the medial pterygoid muscle to the pyramidal process
Foramina
- the greater palatine foramen transmits the greater palatine vessels and nerve from the pterygopalatine fossa to the oral cavity. It is formed by the greater palatine groove and converted to a canal by articulation with the maxilla
- the lesser palatine foramen transmit the lesser palatine nerves and vessels
- the Sphenopalatine foramen formed by the sphenopalatine notch of the palatine bone and articular with the body of the sphenoid bone. It connects the pterygopalatine fossa to the nasal cavity and transmits the sphenopalatine artery and vein, nasopalatine nerve and posterior superior nasal nerves
Ossification
- intramembranous ossification, appears eighth week in utero
- at birth the horizontal and perpendicular plates are of equal size
-<p>The <strong>palatine bones </strong>are paired L-shaped bones joined at the midline. They form the <a href="/articles/hard-palate">hard palate</a> with the <a href="/articles/maxilla">maxillary bones</a>. They also form part of the <a href="/articles/nasal-cavity">nasal cavity</a>.</p><h4>Gross anatomy</h4><p>They are located at the back of the nasal cavity, between the maxilla and <a href="/articles/sphenoid-bone">sphenoid bones.</a> Each bone consists of a horizontal and perpendicular plate forming an L-shape. There are three processes, the pyramidal, orbital and sphenoidal.</p><p>They contribute to the formation of the hard palate, the nasal cavity, the orbital floor and the pterygopalatine fossa.</p><h5>Articulations</h5><ul>- +<p>The <strong>palatine bones </strong>are paired L-shaped bones joined at the midline. They form the <a href="/articles/hard-palate">hard palate</a> with the <a href="/articles/maxilla">maxillary bones</a>. They also form part of the <a href="/articles/nasal-cavity">nasal cavity</a>.</p><h4>Gross anatomy</h4><p>They are located at the back of the nasal cavity, between the maxilla and <a href="/articles/sphenoid-bone">sphenoid bones.</a> Each bone consists of a horizontal and perpendicular plate forming an L-shape. There are three processes, the pyramidal, orbital and sphenoidal.</p><p>They contribute to the formation of the hard palate, the nasal cavity, the orbital floor and the <a href="/articles/pterygopalatine-fossa">pterygopalatine fossa</a>.</p><h5>Articulations</h5><ul>
- +</ul><h5>Attachments</h5><ul>
- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/tensor-veli-palatini">tensor palati</a> to the posterior border of the horizontal plate</li>
- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/muscle-of-the-uvula">muscle of the uvula</a> to the nasal spine of the horizontal plate</li>
- +<li>superficial head of the <a href="/articles/medial-pterygoid-muscle">medial pterygoid</a> muscle to the pyramidal process</li>
- +</ul><h5>Foramina</h5><ul>
- +<li>the <a href="/articles/greater-palatine-foramen">greater palatine foramen</a> transmits the greater palatine vessels and <a href="/articles/greater-palatine-nerve">nerve</a> from the <a href="/articles/pterygopalatine-fossa">pterygopalatine fossa</a> to the <a href="/articles/oral-cavity-1">oral cavity</a>. It is formed by the greater palatine groove and converted to a canal by articulation with the maxilla</li>
- +<li>the <a href="/articles/lesser-palatine-foramina">lesser palatine foramen</a> transmit the <a href="/articles/lesser-palatine-nerves">lesser palatine nerves</a> and vessels</li>
- +<li>the <a href="/articles/sphenopalatine-foramen">Sphenopalatine foramen</a> formed by the sphenopalatine notch of the palatine bone and articular with the body of the sphenoid bone. It connects the pterygopalatine fossa to the nasal cavity and transmits the <a href="/articles/sphenopalatine-artery">sphenopalatine artery</a> and vein, <a href="/articles/nasopalatine-nerve">nasopalatine nerve</a> and <a href="/articles/posterior-superior-nasal-nerves">posterior superior nasal nerves</a>
- +</li>
- +</ul><h5>Ossification</h5><ul>
- +<li>intramembranous ossification, appears eighth week in utero</li>
- +<li>at birth the horizontal and perpendicular plates are of equal size</li>
References changed:
- 1. Susan Standring. Gray's Anatomy. (2015) ISBN: 9780702052309 - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9780702052309">Google Books</a>
- 1. Susan Standring. Gray's Anatomy. (2015) ISBN: 9780702052309 - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9780702052309">Google Books</a>
- 1. Susan Standring. Gray's Anatomy. (2015) ISBN: 9780702052309 - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9780702052309">Google Books</a>
- 1. Standring S. Gray's Anatomy The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice, 41st edition (2015) ISBN:9780702052309 <a href=https://www.elsevier.com/books/grays-anatomy/standring/978-0-7020-5230-9/a>
- 1. Standring S. Gray's Anatomy The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice, 41st edition (2015) ISBN:9780702052309 <a href="https://www.elsevier.com/books/grays-anatomy/standring/978-0-7020-5230-9"/a>
Sections changed:
- Anatomy
Systems changed:
- Head & Neck
Tags changed:
- anatomy
- skull
- facial bones
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