Paraneoplastic syndromes
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Paraneoplastic syndromes occur secondary to the indirect effects of a malignancy and occur remotely to the primary malignacy. Symptoms are mediated by cytokines, hormones or immune cross-reactivity. These syndromes can cause a diverse range of symptoms and can affect multiple systems.
Epidemiology
Paraneoplastic syndromes occur in up to 15% of patients with cancer 3.
Pathology
Paraneoplastic syndromes arise most commonly with small cell lung cancer as well as gynaecological and haematological malignancies.
Paraneoplastic systems can affect multiple systems and have a diverse presentation. Some examples are given below 1, 2:
- paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes
- syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
- hypercalcaemia
- Cushing syndrome
- hypoglycaemia
- paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS)
- paraneoplastic rheumatological/dermatological syndromes
- acanthosis nigracans
- dermatomyositis
- hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
- leukocytoclastic vasculitis
- paraneoplastic pemphigus
- Sweet syndrome
- paraneoplastic hematologic syndromes
History and etymology
Paraneoplastic comes from the Greek words for alongside (para), new (neo) and formation (plasis) 2.
-<li><a href="/articles/encephalitis">encephalitis</a></li>- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/encephalitis">encephalitis</a><ul><li><a title="Paraneoplastic rhombencephalitis" href="/articles/paraneoplastic-rhombencephalitis">paraneoplastic rhombencephalitis</a></li></ul>
- +</li>
-<li><a title="Lambert-Eaton myasthenia syndrome" href="/articles/lambert-eaton-myasthenia-syndrome">Lambert-Eaton myasthenia syndrome</a></li>- +<li><a href="/articles/lambert-eaton-myasthenia-syndrome">Lambert-Eaton myasthenia syndrome</a></li>
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