Pelvic kidney
Updates to Article Attributes
Pelvic kidney (sometimes known as sacral kidney)is a kidney that is fixed in the bony pelvis or across the spine, and is an anatomic variant1.
Epidemiology
Pelvic ectopia is seen in 1 in 2100-30002,100-3,000 autopsies. It is considered the most common form of renal ectopia 4.
Clinical presentation
These patients
Associations
Ectopic kidneys are asymptomatic. Renal tract pathology (e.g. infectionoften associated with other abnormalities such as agenesis of the opposite kidney, calculus) can affect pelvic kidneysthus the referred pain is not typical for the renal tract and it may be confused for appendicitis or pelvic inflammatory disease
Other signs and symptoms of ectopic kidneysuncommon associations include:
incontinencepalpable abdominal or pelvic massurinary tract infection-
renovascular hypertension secondary to an anomalous blood supply (fromRiedel lobe of theiliac arteries)liver2 dystocia from a pelvic kidney
Pathology
BloodArterial supply
The vascular supply of pelvic kidneys is highly variable, mainly due to it retaining its fetal blood supply. Single, dual and triple supply have been reported originating from the aortic bifurcation, the common iliac and the internal internal iliac arteries 5.
Associations
Clinical presentation
EctopicThese patients tend to be asymptomatic and often the diagnosis is incidental on an imaging test performed for a reason unrelated to the renal tract.
Renal tract pathology (e.g. infection, calculus) can affect pelvic kidneys are often associated withand thus the referred pain is not typical for the renal tract and it may be confused for other abdominopelvic pathology, e.g. appendicitis of the opposite kidney, vascular malformations and genital anomaliesor pelvic inflammatory disease.
Other uncommon associationssigns and symptoms of ectopic kidneys include:
- incontinence
- palpable abdominal or pelvic mass
- urinary tract infection
-
renovascular hypertension secondary to an anomalous blood supply (from the
liver2 - dystocia from a pelvic kidney
Differential diagnosis
-<p><strong>Pelvic kidney</strong> (sometimes known as<strong> sacral kidney</strong>)<strong> </strong>is a <a href="/articles/kidneys">kidney</a> that is fixed in the <a href="/articles/bony-pelvis">bony pelvis</a> or across the spine <sup>1</sup>.</p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>Pelvic ectopia is seen in 1 in 2100-3000 autopsies. It is considered the most common form of <a href="/articles/ectopic-kidney-1">renal ectopia</a><sup> 4</sup>.</p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>These patients are asymptomatic. Renal tract pathology (e.g. infection, <a href="/articles/urolithiasis">calculus</a>) can affect pelvic kidneys and thus the referred pain is not typical for the renal tract and it may be confused for <a href="/articles/appendicitis-2">appendicitis</a> or <a href="/articles/pelvic-inflammatory-disease">pelvic inflammatory disease</a>.</p><p>Other signs and symptoms of ectopic kidneys include:</p><ul>- +<p><strong>Pelvic kidney</strong> (sometimes known as<strong> sacral kidney</strong>)<strong> </strong>is a <a href="/articles/kidneys">kidney</a> that is fixed in the <a href="/articles/bony-pelvis">bony pelvis</a> or across the spine, and is an <a title="Anatomic variant" href="/articles/anatomical-variants">anatomic variant</a> <sup>1</sup>.</p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>Pelvic ectopia is seen in 1 in 2,100-3,000 autopsies. It is considered the most common form of <a href="/articles/ectopic-kidney-1">renal ectopia</a><sup> 4</sup>.</p><h5>Associations</h5><p>Ectopic kidneys are often associated with other abnormalities such as <a href="/articles/renal-agenesis">agenesis</a> of the opposite kidney, vascular malformations and genital anomalies.</p><p>Other uncommon associations include:</p><ul><li>
- +<a href="/articles/riedel-lobe">Riedel lobe of the liver</a> <sup>2</sup>
- +</li></ul><h4>Pathology</h4><h5>Arterial supply</h5><p>The vascular supply of pelvic kidneys is highly variable, mainly due to it retaining its fetal blood supply. Single, dual and triple supply have been reported originating from the <a href="/articles/aorta">aortic bifurcation</a>, the <a href="/articles/common-iliac-artery">common iliac </a>and the<a href="/articles/internal-iliac-artery"> internal iliac arteries</a> <sup>5</sup>.</p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>These patients tend to be asymptomatic and often the diagnosis is incidental on an imaging test performed for a reason unrelated to the renal tract.</p><p>Renal tract pathology (e.g. infection, <a href="/articles/urolithiasis">calculus</a>) can affect pelvic kidneys and thus the referred pain is not typical for the renal tract and it may be confused for other abdominopelvic pathology, e.g. <a href="/articles/appendicitis-2">appendicitis</a> or <a href="/articles/pelvic-inflammatory-disease">pelvic inflammatory disease</a>.</p><p>Other signs and symptoms of ectopic kidneys include:</p><ul>
-<li>urinary tract infection</li>-<li>renovascular hypertension secondary to an anomalous blood supply (from the iliac arteries)</li>- +<li><a title="Urinary tract infection" href="/articles/urinary-tract-infection">urinary tract infection</a></li>
- +<li>
- +<a title="Renovascular hypertension" href="/articles/renovascular-hypertension">renovascular hypertension</a> secondary to an anomalous blood supply (from the iliac (common/external/iliac) arteries)</li>
-</ul><h5>Blood supply</h5><p>The vascular supply of pelvic kidneys is highly variable, mainly due to it retaining its fetal blood supply. Single, dual and triple supply have been reported originating from the <a title="Aorta" href="/articles/aorta">aortic bifurcation</a>, the <a href="/articles/common-iliac-artery">common iliac </a>and the<a href="/articles/internal-iliac-artery"> internal iliac arteries</a> <sup>5</sup>.</p><h5>Associations</h5><p>Ectopic kidneys are often associated with other abnormalities such as <a href="/articles/renal-agenesis">agenesis</a> of the opposite kidney, vascular malformations and genital anomalies.</p><p>Other uncommon associations include:</p><ul><li>-<a href="/articles/riedel-lobe">Riedel lobe of the liver</a> <sup>2</sup>-</li></ul><h4>Differential diagnosis</h4><ul><li><a href="/articles/cake-kidney">fused pelvic kidney</a></li></ul>- +</ul><h4>Differential diagnosis</h4><ul><li><a href="/articles/cake-kidney">fused pelvic kidney</a></li></ul>
Tags changed:
- anatomic variant
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