Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A
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Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is a protein found in the maternal circulation and is produced by the placenta.
Low maternal serum PAPP-A levels in the first trimester have been associated with a wide range of fetal pathology and pregnancy related complications 1-4:
- Down syndrome
- aneuploidy
- miscarriage
- pregnancy-induced hypertension
- intrauterine growth restriction
- gestational diabetes mellitus
-<li><a href="/articles/intra-uterine-growth-restriction-2">growth restriction</a></li>- +<li><a href="/articles/intra-uterine-growth-restriction-2">intrauterine growth restriction</a></li>
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