Proliferating trichilemmal cyst
Updates to Article Attributes
Proliferating trichilemmal cysts are, also known as pilar tumours, are dermal or subcutaneous tumours with squamoid cytologic features and trichilemmal-type keratinization usually arising in the scalp 1. Although they are mostly benign although they have local invasive and malignant types 2. They show extensive epithelial proliferation, variable cytologic atypia and mitotic activity.
Epidemiology
Proliferating trichilemmal cysts have female predominance 3,4.
Clinical presentation
Proliferating trichilemmal cysts present as lobulated masses within the scalp. They vary considerably in size from a few millimetres to large masses many centimetres in diameter. Occasionally clinical presentation will be with superimposed infection or malignant transformation, although both of these complications are uncommon 3.
Radiographic features
CT were
Proliferating trichilemmal cysts usually are located within the scalp and appear as multiple complex subcutaneous solid or cystic masses. The cystic components contain high-density proteinaceous material which sometimes layers dependently 3. Ringlike patterns of mineralization are also encountered 3.
History and etymology
Proliferating trichilemmal cysts were first defined by Wilson-Jones in 196632. A variety of names have been used till now, proliferating epidermoid cyst, pilar tumortumour of the scalp, proliferating trichilemmal cyst, proliferating epidermoid cyst,giant hair matrix tumortumour, hydatidiform keratinous cyst, trichochlamydocarcinoma trichochlamydocarcinoma, and invasive hair matrix tumor1.
They have female predominance4.
Radiologic Findings
CT 5
Multiple complex subcutaneous solid or cystic scalp massesThe cystic masses contain proteinaceous material which has high density with coarse calcifications that may layer dependentlyThe masses may also demonstrate ringlike patterns of mineralization not related to size of the masses
-<p><strong>Proliferating trichilemmal cysts</strong> are dermal or subcutaneous tumours with squamoid cytologic features and trichilemmal-type keratinization <sup>1</sup>. Although they are mostly benign although they have local invasive and malignant types <sup>2</sup>. They show extensive epithelial proliferation, variable cytologic atypia and mitotic activity.</p><p><strong>Proliferating trichilemmal cysts</strong> were first defined by Wilson-Jones in 1966<sup>3</sup>. A variety of names have been used till now, proliferating epidermoid cyst, pilar tumor of the scalp, proliferating trichilemmal cyst, proliferating epidermoid cyst,<br>giant hair matrix tumor, hydatidiform keratinous cyst, trichochlamydocarcinoma, and invasive hair matrix tumor<sup>1</sup>.</p><p>They have female predominance<sup>4</sup>.</p><h5>Radiologic Findings</h5><p><strong>CT <sup>5</sup></strong></p><ul>-<li>Multiple complex subcutaneous solid or cystic scalp masses</li>-<li>The cystic masses contain proteinaceous material which has high density with coarse calcifications that may layer dependently</li>-<li>The masses may also demonstrate ringlike patterns of mineralization not related to size of the masses</li>-</ul>- +<p><strong>Proliferating trichilemmal cysts</strong>, also known as <strong>pilar tumours</strong>, are dermal or subcutaneous tumours with squamoid cytologic features and trichilemmal-type keratinization usually arising in the scalp <sup>1</sup>. Although they are mostly benign although they have local invasive and malignant types <sup>2</sup>. They show extensive epithelial proliferation, variable cytologic atypia and mitotic activity.</p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>Proliferating trichilemmal cysts have female predominance <sup>3,4</sup>.</p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>Proliferating trichilemmal cysts present as lobulated masses within the scalp. They vary considerably in size from a few millimetres to large masses many centimetres in diameter. Occasionally clinical presentation will be with superimposed infection or malignant transformation, although both of these complications are uncommon <sup>3</sup>. </p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><h5><strong>CT</strong></h5><p>Proliferating trichilemmal cysts usually are located within the scalp and appear as multiple complex subcutaneous solid or cystic masses. The cystic components contain high-density proteinaceous material which sometimes layers dependently <sup>3</sup>. Ringlike patterns of mineralization are also encountered <sup>3</sup>. </p><h4>History and etymology</h4><p>Proliferating trichilemmal cysts were first defined by Wilson-Jones in 1966 <sup>2</sup>. A variety of names have been used till now, proliferating epidermoid cyst, pilar tumour of the scalp, proliferating trichilemmal cyst, proliferating epidermoid cyst,<br>giant hair matrix tumour, hydatidiform keratinous cyst, trichochlamydocarcinoma, and invasive hair matrix tumor<sup>1</sup>.</p>
References changed:
- 2. Jones E. Proliferating Epidermoid Cysts. Arch Dermatol. 1966;94(1):11-9. - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5938217">Pubmed</a>
- 3. Chang S, Sims J, Murtagh F, McCaffrey J, Messina J. Proliferating Trichilemmal Cysts of the Scalp on CT. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006;27(3):712-4. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7976987">PMC7976987</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16552022">Pubmed</a>
- 4. Sau P, Graham J, Helwig E. Proliferating Epithelial Cysts. Clinicopathological Analysis of 96 Cases. J Cutan Pathol. 1995;22(5):394-406. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0560.1995.tb00754.x">doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1995.tb00754.x</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8594071">Pubmed</a>
- Proliferating Epidermoid Cysts. (1966) Archives of Dermatology. 94 (1): 11. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1966.01600250017002">doi:10.1001/archderm.1966.01600250017002</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25996397">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
- 2. Jones EW. Proliferating epidermoid cysts. Archives of dermatology. 94 (1): 11-9. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5938217">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
- Chang SJ, Sims J, Murtagh FR, McCaffrey JC, Messina JL. Proliferating trichilemmal cysts of the scalp on CT. (2016) AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology. 27 (3): 712-4. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16552022">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
- Sau P, Graham JH, Helwig EB. Proliferating epithelial cysts. Clinicopathological analysis of 96 cases. (2004) Journal of cutaneous pathology. 22 (5): 394-406. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8594071">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
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