Retroclival hematoma
Updates to Article Attributes
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was changed:
Retroclival hematoma is a collection of blood located along the dorsum sellae, the clivus and could reach the dens. It have been classified into epidural retroclival hematoma and subdural retroclival hematoma depending on the anatomical location of the blood accumulation.
Epidemiology:
It's an uncommon finding and few cases have been reported2.
Clinical presentation:
Symptoms are those of brain stem compression and patients may present with:
- headache
- depressed conscious state
- seizures
- cranial nerve palsies
- cardiac arrest
Pathology
Aetiology
It's frequently reported in the setting of accidental trauma, but other causes are identified such as4:
- pituitary apoplexy
- aneurysmal rupture
- thrombocytopenia
- hemophilia
- oral anticoagulant overdose
- Posterior fossa decompressive craniectomy
- Spontaneous intracranial hypotension
Treatment and prognosis
Significant compression of the brain stem requires surgical evacuation.Besides, the treatment depends on aetiology, and conservative management gives good results since most patients recover with minimal long-term neurological complications.
Differential diagnosis
Beam hardening artifact in the posterior fossa is the first differential to consider.
-<p><strong>Retroclival hematoma</strong> is a collection of blood located along the dorsum sellae, the clivus and could reach the dens. It have been classified into epidural retroclival hematoma and subdural retroclival hematoma depending on the anatomical location of the blood accumulation. </p><h4>Epidemiology:</h4><p>It's an uncommon finding and few cases have been reported.</p><h4>Clinical presentation:</h4><p>Symptoms are those of brain stem compression and patients may present with:</p><ul>- +<p><strong>Retroclival hematoma</strong> is a collection of blood located along the <a href="/articles/dorsum-sellae">dorsum sellae</a>, the <a href="/articles/clivus">clivus</a> and could reach the dens. It have been classified into epidural retroclival hematoma and subdural retroclival hematoma depending on the anatomical location of the blood accumulation. </p><h4>Epidemiology:</h4><p>It's an uncommon finding and few cases have been reported <sup>2</sup>.</p><h4>Clinical presentation:</h4><p>Symptoms are those of brain stem compression and patients may present with:</p><ul>
-</ul><h4>Pathology</h4><h5>Aetiology</h5><p>It's frequently reported in the setting of accidental trauma, but other causes are identified such as:</p><ul>-<li>pituitary apoplexy</li>- +</ul><h4>Pathology</h4><h5>Aetiology</h5><p>It's frequently reported in the setting of accidental trauma, but other causes are identified such as <sup>4</sup>:</p><ul>
- +<li><a href="/articles/pituitary-apoplexy">pituitary apoplexy</a></li>
-<li>hemophilia</li>- +<li><a href="/articles/haemophilia">hemophilia</a></li>
-<li>Spontaneous intracranial hypotension</li>-</ul><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>Significant compression of the brain stem requires surgical evacuation.<br>Besides, the treatment depends on aetiology, and conservative management gives good results since most patients recover with minimal long-term neurological complications.</p><h4>Differential diagnosis</h4><p>Beam hardening artifact in the posterior fossa is the first differential to consider.</p>- +<li>Spontaneous <a href="/articles/intracranial-hypotension-1">intracranial hypotension</a>
- +</li>
- +</ul><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>Significant compression of the brain stem requires surgical evacuation.<br>Besides, the treatment depends on aetiology, and conservative management gives good results since most patients recover with minimal long-term neurological complications.</p><h4>Differential diagnosis</h4><p><a href="/articles/beam-hardening">Beam hardening</a> artifact in the posterior fossa is the first differential to consider.</p>
References changed:
- 2. Piccirilli M, Paglia F, Tropeano MP. A rare case of retroclival epidural hematoma: case report and review of the literature. (2019) Acta neurologica Belgica. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-019-01238-9">doi:10.1007/s13760-019-01238-9</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31721055">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
- 4. Zabalo G, Ortega R, Díaz J, Vázquez A, de Frutos D, García JC, Zazpe I. Retroclival epidural haematoma: a diagnosis to suspect. Report of three cases and review of the literature. (2017) Acta neurochirurgica. 159 (8): 1571-1576. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-017-3214-0">doi:10.1007/s00701-017-3214-0</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28526902">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
- 4. Piccirilli M, Paglia F, Tropeano MP. A rare case of retroclival epidural hematoma: case report and review of the literature. (2019) Acta neurologica Belgica. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-019-01238-9">doi:10.1007/s13760-019-01238-9</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31721055">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
- 2. Zabalo G, Ortega R, Díaz J, Vázquez A, de Frutos D, García JC, Zazpe I. Retroclival epidural haematoma: a diagnosis to suspect. Report of three cases and review of the literature. (2017) Acta neurochirurgica. 159 (8): 1571-1576. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-017-3214-0">doi:10.1007/s00701-017-3214-0</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28526902">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
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