Question 2067
{"accessible":false,"alternatives":[{"id":10264,"text":"craniopharyngioma"},{"id":10263,"text":"ependymoma"},{"id":10261,"text":"medulloblastoma"},{"id":10260,"text":"meningioma"},{"id":10262,"text":"subependymal giant cell astrocytoma"}],"archived":false,"correctAlternativeId":10262,"explanation":"\u003cp\u003eBased on clinical and imaging findings, the tuberous sclerosis complex is the most likely diagnosis.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSubependymal giant cell astrocytomas are benign tumors (WHO grade I),\u0026nbsp;seen almost exclusively in young patients with tuberous sclerosis. On imaging, subependymal giant cell astrocytomas\u0026nbsp;classically appear as an intraventricular mass near the foramen of Monro, larger than 1 cm, showing calcifications,\u0026nbsp;heterogeneous MRI signal, and marked contrast enhancement.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCraniopharyngioma: a rare type of brain tumor that originates from the pituitary gland embryonic tissue.\u0026nbsp;Most commonly in children but also affects adults.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEpendymoma: can be anywhere within the neuraxis but most common in the posterior fossa. The tumor shows\u0026nbsp;hyperdense soft tissue components, calcifications, hemorrhage and\u0026nbsp;typically enhances on post-contrast\u0026nbsp;imaging.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMedulloblastoma: high-grade neoplasm among pediatric brain tumors. It usually described as\u0026nbsp;a midline tumor growing into the fourth ventricle, hyperdense on\u0026nbsp;CT-scan, displaying water restriction on\u0026nbsp;diffusion-weighted\u0026nbsp;imaging, with a variable contrast enhancement.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeningioma: an extra-axial dural-based mass with\u0026nbsp;isointense to grey matter on both T1 and T2 sequences and enhancing avidly\u0026nbsp;on both\u0026nbsp;MRI\u0026nbsp;and CT post-contrast images.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","id":2067,"imageUrl":null,"imageAttribution":null,"imageAttributionCaseInfo":null,"firstQuestionPath":"/questions/2068","nextQuestionPath":"/articles/subependymal-giant-cell-astrocytoma/questions/738","relatedArticles":[{"id":1178,"title":"Craniopharyngioma (historical)","link":"/articles/craniopharyngioma-historical?lang=us"},{"id":1290,"title":"Ependymoma","link":"/articles/ependymoma?lang=us"},{"id":1659,"title":"Meningioma","link":"/articles/meningioma?lang=us"},{"id":2224,"title":"Tuberous sclerosis","link":"/articles/tuberous-sclerosis?lang=us"},{"id":5335,"title":"Medulloblastoma","link":"/articles/medulloblastoma?lang=us"}],"alsoUsedIn":[{"id":924,"kind":"Course","title":"2021 Virtual Conference Private Use - page 924","link":"https://radiopaedia.org/courses/2021-virtual-conference-private-use/pages/924"},{"id":924,"kind":"Course","title":"Radiopaedia 2021 - isoCME - page 924","link":"https://radiopaedia.org/courses/radiopaedia-2021-isocme/pages/924"},{"id":1174,"kind":"Course","title":"Adult Neuroradiology Review Course - page 1174","link":"https://radiopaedia.org/courses/adult-neuroradiology-review-course/pages/1174"},{"id":1174,"kind":"Course","title":"Adult Neuroradiology Review Course - page 1174","link":"https://radiopaedia.org/courses/adult-brain-mri-review-course-2015-online-video/pages/1174"}],"stem":"\u003cp\u003eA 12-year-old boy with a history of intellectual disability comes to the emergency department because of headaches and more frequently occurring seizures. Brain\u0026nbsp;imaging (CT scan and MRI)\u0026nbsp;shows a heterogeneous\u0026nbsp;intraventricular mass measuring about 18 mm near the\u0026nbsp;foramen of Monro, \u0026nbsp;with internal calcifications\u0026nbsp;and marked contrast\u0026nbsp;enhancement.\u0026nbsp;Subependymal\u0026nbsp;nodules\u0026nbsp;and cortical tubers are the other imaging findings. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?\u003c/p\u003e","menuLinks":[{"text":"Report problem with question","url":"https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfO3soWYhOjJ7yErSysyCe5V4A1CqW7WK3rDA7MtAkecMGqNw/viewform?entry.1624461248\u0026entry.553583435=https://radiopaedia.org/questions/2067"}],"attemptsPercentages":[{"alternativeId":"10260","percentage":2},{"alternativeId":"10262","percentage":81},{"alternativeId":"10263","percentage":10},{"alternativeId":"10264","percentage":3},{"alternativeId":"10261","percentage":3}],"promptToLogin":false,"questionManager":false,"articleId":"subependymal-giant-cell-astrocytoma"}