Telencephalon

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The telencephalon is the most anterior region of the primitive brain¹.Together with the diencephalon, the telencephalon develops from the prosencephalon, the primitive forebrain ²¹.

The inferior boundaries of the telencephalon are found at the diencephalon and brainstem^1,2. Posteriorly the telencephalon is bordered by the cerebellum ²¹.

The telencephalon is composed of surface grey matter (the cerebral cortex) and underlying white matter, with deep masses of grey matter ³². The corpus callosum facilitates communication between the two hemispheres ⁴³.

The telencephalon comprises:

two cerebral hemispheres including the lateral ventricles¹
the subcortical structures of the limbic system consisting of:
- amygdala
- hippocampus
- olfactory bulb
- cingulate gyrus ³²
basal ganglia consisting of:
- caudate nucleus
- putamen
- globus pallidus ^2,31,2
white matter tracts consisting of:
- corpus callosum
- anterior commissure
- internal capsule ^1,43

Related pathology

Atelencephaly is a rare disorder that results when the derivatives of the telencephalon are absent or dysplastic.

-<![endif]-->The telencephalon is the most anterior region of the primitive brain 1. Together with the <a href="/articles/diencephalon">diencephalon</a>, the telencephalon develops from the <a href="/articles/prosencephalon">prosencephalon</a>, the primitive forebrain 2.The inferior boundaries of the telencephalon are found at the <a href="/articles/diencephalon">diencephalon</a> and <a href="/articles/brainstem">brainstem</a>1,2. Posteriorly the telencephalon is bordered by the <a href="/articles/cerebellum">cerebellum</a> 2.The telencephalon is composed of surface <a href="/articles/grey-matter">grey matter</a> (the <a href="/articles/cerebral-cortex">cerebral cortex</a>) and underlying <a href="/articles/white-matter">white matter</a>, with deep masses of <a href="/articles/grey-matter">grey matter</a> 3. The <a href="/articles/corpus-callosum">corpus callosum</a> facilitates communication between the two hemispheres 4.The telencephalon comprises:<ul>
~~-<li>two <a href="/articles/cerebral-hemisphere">cerebral hemispheres</a> including the <a href="/articles/lateral-ventricle-1">lateral ventricles</a> 1~~
+<![endif]-->The telencephalon is the most anterior region of the primitive brain. Together with the <a href="/articles/diencephalon">diencephalon</a>, the telencephalon develops from the <a href="/articles/prosencephalon">prosencephalon</a>, the primitive forebrain 1.The inferior boundaries of the telencephalon are found at the <a href="/articles/diencephalon">diencephalon</a> and <a href="/articles/brainstem">brainstem</a> 1. Posteriorly the telencephalon is bordered by the <a href="/articles/cerebellum">cerebellum</a> 1.The telencephalon is composed of surface <a href="/articles/grey-matter">grey matter</a> (the <a href="/articles/cerebral-cortex">cerebral cortex</a>) and underlying <a href="/articles/white-matter">white matter</a>, with deep masses of <a href="/articles/grey-matter">grey matter</a> 2. The <a href="/articles/corpus-callosum">corpus callosum</a> facilitates communication between the two hemispheres 3.The telencephalon comprises:<ul>
+<li>two <a href="/articles/cerebral-hemisphere">cerebral hemispheres</a> including the <a href="/articles/lateral-ventricle-1">lateral ventricles</a>
~~-<a href="/articles/cingulate-gyrus">cingulate gyrus</a> 3~~
+<a href="/articles/cingulate-gyrus">cingulate gyrus</a> 2
~~-<a href="/articles/globus-pallidus">globus pallidus</a> 2,3~~
+<a href="/articles/globus-pallidus">globus pallidus</a> 1,2
~~-<a href="/articles/internal-capsule">internal capsule</a> 1,4~~
+<a href="/articles/internal-capsule">internal capsule</a> 3

References changed:

1. The University of Queensland - Queensland Brain Institute. The forebrain. https://qbi.uq.edu.au/brain/brain-anatomy/forebrain. (2017)
2. IMAIOS ANATOMY. Telencephalon - anatomy. https://www.imaios.com/en/e-Anatomy/Anatomical-Parts/Telencephalon. (2018)
3. Dale Purves, George J Augustine, David Fitzpatrick, Lawrence C Katz, Anthony-Samuel LaMantia, James O McNamara, S Mark Williams. The Dorsal and Ventral Surfaces of the Brain. (2018)
1. Encylopaedia Britannica. Forebrain - anatomy. https://www.britannica.com/science/forebrain. (2018)
2. The University of Queensland - Queensland Brain Institute. The forebrain. https://qbi.uq.edu.au/brain/brain-anatomy/forebrain. (2017)
3. IMAIOS ANATOMY. Telencephalon - anatomy. https://www.imaios.com/en/e-Anatomy/Anatomical-Parts/Telencephalon. (2018)
4. Dale Purves, George J Augustine, David Fitzpatrick, Lawrence C Katz, Anthony-Samuel LaMantia, James O McNamara, S Mark Williams. The Dorsal and Ventral Surfaces of the Brain. (2018)

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