Testicular cancer

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Testicular cancers are the most common neoplasm in men between the ages of 20 and 34.

Epidemiology

Testicular cancer is uncommon, accounting for less than 1% of all internal organ malignancies ².

The demographics of affected individuals depends on the age of the histology of the tumour. Over 90% of all tumours of the testes are primary germ cell tumours, and as such young adults are the overall most frequently involved group.

It is interesting to note that among the germ cell tumours there is also stratification according to age, with some tumours being more common in some age groups than others:

1^stdecade: yolk sac tumour and testicular teratoma
2^nd decade: choriocarcinoma
3^rd decade: embryonal cell carcinoma
4^th decade: seminoma

≥7th decade:lymphoma (usually non-Hodgkin lymphoma)

Classification

primary tumour: 94% of all tumours
- testicular germ cell tumour: 90% of primary tumours
  - testicular seminoma: 40% of germ cell tumours ¹
  - non-seminomatous germ cell tumour: 60% of germ cell tumours
    - testicular embryonal cell carcinoma (~10%)
    - testicular choriocarcinoma (~0.3%)
    - testicular yolk sac tumour (~1%)
    - testicular teratoma (~4%)
    - testicular mixed germ cell tumour: 15(~33% ~~(typically~~, typically one or more NSGCT and seminoma) ²
- testicular non-germ cell tumour: 10% of primary tumours
- primary testicular lymphoma
secondary tumour: 6% of all tumours
- secondary testicular lymphoma
- testicular leukaemia
- metastasis to testis

Staging

testicular cancer staging

+<li>
+≥7th decade: <a title="Testicular lymphoma" href="/articles/testicular-lymphoma">lymphoma</a> (usually non-Hodgkin lymphoma)</li>
~~-<li><a href="/articles/testicular-embryonal-cell-carcinoma">testicular embryonal cell carcinoma</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/testicular-choriocarcinoma">testicular choriocarcinoma</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/testicular-yolk-sac-tumour">testicular yolk sac tumour</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a href="/articles/testicular-teratoma">testicular teratoma</a></li>~~
~~-<a href="/articles/testicular-mixed-germ-cell-tumours">testicular mixed germ cell tumour</a>: 15% (typically one or more NSGCT and seminoma) 2~~
+<a href="/articles/testicular-embryonal-cell-carcinoma">testicular embryonal cell carcinoma</a> (~10%)</li>
+<li>
+<a href="/articles/testicular-choriocarcinoma">testicular choriocarcinoma</a> (~0.3%)</li>
+<li>
+<a href="/articles/testicular-yolk-sac-tumour">testicular yolk sac tumour</a> (~1%)</li>
+<li>
+<a href="/articles/testicular-teratoma">testicular teratoma</a> (~4%)</li>
+<li>
+<a href="/articles/testicular-mixed-germ-cell-tumours">testicular mixed germ cell tumour</a>: (~33%, typically one or more NSGCT and seminoma) 2
~~-<li><a title="Sertoli cell tumour of the testis" href="/articles/sertoli-cell-tumour-of-the-testis">Sertoli cell tumour</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a title="Leydig cell tumour of the testis" href="/articles/leydig-cell-tumour-of-the-testis-1">Leydig cell tumour</a></li>~~
+<li><a href="/articles/sertoli-cell-tumour-of-the-testis">Sertoli cell tumour</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/leydig-cell-tumour-of-the-testis-1">Leydig cell tumour</a></li>
+<li><a title="granulosa cell tumour of the testicle" href="/articles/granulosa-cell-tumour-of-the-testicle">granulosa cell tumour of the testicle</a></li>
+<li><a title="fibroma-thecoma of the testicle" href="/articles/fibroma-thecoma-of-the-testicle">fibroma-thecoma of the testicle</a></li>
~~-<li><a href="/articles/testicular-leukaemia">testicular leukaemia</a></li>~~
+<li><a title="Testicular leukaemia" href="/articles/testicular-leukaemia">testicular leukaemia</a></li>

References changed:

3. Coursey Moreno C, Small WC, Camacho JC et-al. Testicular tumors: what radiologists need to know-differential diagnosis, staging, and management. Radiographics. 2015;35 (2): 400-15. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.352140097">doi:10.1148/rg.352140097</a> - <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25763725">Pubmed citation</a>

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