Threatened miscarriage
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Threatened miscarriage (or threatened abortion) is mainly a clinical term, used when a pregnant woman in first 20 weeks of gestation presents with spotting, mild abdominal pain and contractions, with a closed cervical os.
Epidemiology
It occurs in 20-25% of pregnancies and is associated with an increased rate of fetal loss (15-50%, compared to 2-7%).
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
Cervix is closed, and there is a live intrauterine gestation.
In many cases, the ultrasound will be either completely normal, or with a subchorionic haemorrhage.
Some features are suggesting poorersuggestive of a poor outcome:
- fetal bradycardia: <80-90 bpm
- smallmean gestational sac diameter
-
largelarge and calcifiedyolk sac of more than 7mmmm - small or irregulargestational sac: MSD/CRL <5 mm
- large subchorionic haemorrhage more than 2/3 of gestational sac
-
expanded amnion sign (an abnormally
largelarge amniotic cavity) - absent or poor decidual reaction
Treatment and prognosis
Threatened miscarriage can go on to become any of:
- normal pregnancy ~50%
- inevitable miscarriage
- incomplete miscarriage
- complete miscarriage
- missed miscarriage
-<p><strong>Threatened miscarriage</strong> (or <strong>threatened abortion</strong>) is mainly a clinical term used when a pregnant woman in first 20 weeks of gestation presents with spotting, mild abdominal pain and contractions, with a closed <a href="/articles/cervical-os">cervical os</a>. </p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>It occurs in 20-25% of pregnancies and is associated with an increased rate of fetal loss (15-50%, compared to 2-7%).</p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><h5>Ultrasound</h5><p>Cervix is closed.</p><p>Some features are suggesting poorer outcome:</p><ul>- +<p><strong>Threatened miscarriage</strong> (or <strong>threatened abortion</strong>) is mainly a clinical term, used when a pregnant woman in first 20 weeks of gestation presents with spotting, mild abdominal pain and contractions, with a closed <a href="/articles/cervical-os">cervical os</a>. </p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>It occurs in 20-25% of pregnancies and is associated with an increased rate of fetal loss (15-50%, compared to 2-7%).</p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><h5>Ultrasound</h5><p>Cervix is closed, and there is a live intrauterine gestation.</p><p>In many cases, the ultrasound will be either completely normal, or with a subchorionic haemorrhage.</p><p>Some features suggestive of a poor outcome:</p><ul>
-<li>small <a href="/articles/mean-sac-diameter">mean gestational sac diameter</a> </li>-<li> large and calcified <a href="/articles/yolk-sac">yolk sac</a> of more than 7 mm</li>-<li>small or irregular <a href="/articles/gestational-sac">gestational sac</a>: <a href="/articles/mean-sac-diameter">MSD</a>/<a href="/articles/crown-rump-length">CRL</a> <5 mm</li>- +<li>small <a href="/articles/mean-sac-diameter">mean gestational sac diameter</a> </li>
- +<li>large and calcified <a href="/articles/yolk-sac">yolk sac</a> of more than 7 mm</li>
- +<li>small or irregular <a href="/articles/gestational-sac">gestational sac</a>: <a href="/articles/mean-sac-diameter">MSD</a>/<a href="/articles/crown-rump-length">CRL</a> <5 mm</li>
-<a href="/articles/expanded-amnion-sign">expanded amnion sign</a> (an abnormally large amniotic cavity)</li>- +<a href="/articles/expanded-amnion-sign">expanded amnion sign</a> (an abnormally large amniotic cavity)</li>
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